Transcript Achievements of Egypt

BELLRINGER: 9/21 and 9/22
1.
2.
Pick up the papers by the door.
Begin working on the Hammurabi’s Code
Primary Source worksheet (both sides).
We will take no more than 15 minutes on this.
When you are done, turn it into your class drawer.
3.
Update your ToC:
Page 16: Notes: Nile River Valley (Egypt)
4.
Write down your HW:
- Study for your River Valleys Map,
Mesopotamia, and Egypt quiz NEXT CLASS
and read/take notes on pages 38-41 in your
DUIKER book
AGENDA:
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Bellringer
Hammurabi’s Code Worksheet
NOTES: Ancient Egypt (SPICE-style)
MAP: Ancient Egypt and the Nile River Valley
Crash Course Video
TIME FOR A READING CHECK!
River Valley Civilizations:
Ancient Egypt
Map of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Archaic
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
Greek Ptolemaic
Era
Roman Period
750 – 332 B. C. E.
332 – 30 B. C. E.
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Archaic
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
Greek Ptolemaic
Era
Roman Period
750 – 332 B. C. E.
332 – 30 B. C. E.
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Geography of Egypt
• Importance of Nile River
– Flows north
– Humans live here because they
could grow crops and settle into
permanent villages
• Provides protections (different than
Mesopotamia!)
– Desert to E, S, W
– Sea (Med.) to the N
– Limits outside influences
• Flooding
– Nile floods = land is enriched
by fertile soil
- Floods are PREDICTABLE!
- During July-Sept., recedes in the
spring
Flooding of the Nile River
Geography of Egypt: Irrigation is
Necessary
Religion of Egypt
• Religion = very important
– 2,000+ gods and goddesses
• Believed pharaohs were sent by
the gods to help Egyptians
– They make the sun rise, river flood
– Means they are positive, not
pessimistic
• Afterlife = big part of Egyptian
religion
– Pharaohs ruled after they died
– Bring possessions to afterlife
Achievements of Egypt: Technology, Intellectual
• Architecture
– Pyramids, tombs, temples
out of STONE
– Structures showed high
architectural skill (used
math, geometry to build)
Advancement:
Mummification
Mummification is the process of
preserving a body using spices and
chemicals, removing internal organs
and preserving them, and then
wrapping the body in linen cloths.
This prevents the body from rotting
and allowed it to enjoy the afterlife.
As much of the brain as it is possible is extracted through the
nostrils with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is
dissolved with drugs. Next, the flank is slit open . . . and the entire
contents of the abdomen removed. The cavity is then thoroughly
cleansed and washed out . . . Then it is filled with pure crushed
myrrh, cassia, and all other aromatic substances, except
frankincense. [The incision] is sewn up, and then the body is
placed in natron, covered entirely for 70 days, never longer. When
this period . . . is ended, the body is washed and then wrapped
from the head to the feet in linen which has been cut into strips
and smeared on the underside with gum which is commonly used
by the Egyptians in the place of glue.
-- Herodotus
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
1. Linen
2. Sawdust
4. Beeswax
3. Lichen
5. Resin
Achievements of Egypt
• Hieroglyphics
– Writing system
– Often found in/on tombs
• Papyrus
– Written on, paper like
substance
Rosetta
Stone
Politics of Egypt
• Pharaoh = two roles
– 1. Head of state
– 2. Divine representative of the gods
• Means gov’t + religion = inseparable
– No separation of church and state in anc. Egypt
Politics of Egypt
• What does this combination do for Egypt?
– Builds temples
– Creates laws
– Taxes
– Organizes labor
– Trade
– Defense
What signs of
civilization do
you see in this
list?
Politics of Egypt
Politics of Egypt: A Tale of
Two Egypts
• Egypt = originally divided into
LOWER and UPPER regions
•Separate rulers but were
culturally similar
•Kingdoms united by Menes in
3100 BC
•Creator of Egypt’s 1st dynasty
•Establishes theocracy
•Eventually, the leaders of Egypt
become known as pharaohs
Politics of Egypt
Economics of Egypt
• Transportation – Nile River
• Two main groups:
– Lower Egypt (north): Nile Delta Region
– Upper Egypt (south): South away from the delta
• Most Egyptians = farmers  primarily agricultural economy
– Grew barley, wheat, vegetables, figs
– Surplus of food due to fertile soil
• Close to Mesopotamia
and several trade routes
(Med, Red Seas)
Traded with Mesopotamia
and nomadic groups
Social Aspects of Egypt
Pharaoh
Government
officials, army
officers, priests
Merchants, artisans
Peasant farmers and laborers
Social Aspects of Egypt
Social Aspects of Egypt
Social Aspects of Egypt
Social Aspects of Egypt
Decline of Egypt
After our notes:
1. Work on the map activity located on the
back of your Egypt note sheet. Use the page
number on the sheet to find the map you
need to look at to complete your own.You
will use the ANCIENT WORLD
(green/blue) textbooks on the shelf.
2. We will watch Crash Course if there is time
today.