Transcript Knee Anatomy - Mr. Lesiuk

Knee Anatomy
Knee Joint
• The most poorly constructed joint
in the body. Femur has rounded
distal epiphysis while proximal
epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a
very unstable design.
• Comprised of four separate bones.
– Femur
– Tibia
– Fibula
– Patella
Femur and Tibia
• Articular cartilage
covers the ends of
both the femur and
the tibia.
• Medial and Lateral
Condyles- found at
the distal end of the
Femur.
• Medial and lateral
Condyles found at
the proximal end of
the Tibia.
Patella
• Patella tendonattaches onto the
anterior of the Tibia.
• Provides protection
of Knee Joint, Patella
also lifts tendons to
increase leverage.
• Quadriceps tendonattaches the
Quadriceps to the
patella.
Cruciate Ligaments
• Major stabilizing
ligaments in the knee.
• Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)prevents the tibia from
sliding out in front of
the femur.
• Posterior Cruciate
Ligament (PCL)
prevents knee from
hyperextending
• Injuries are most often
caused by hyperflexion
and hyperextension of
the knee or rotation at
the knee.
Cruciate Ligaments
• Posterior Cruciate
Ligament (PCL)-It
prevents the tibia from
sliding backwards
under the femur.
• Injuries usually caused
by Hyperextension
• These cruciate
ligaments get their
name for their cross
over (crucifix)
arrangement.
Collateral Ligament
• Medial Collateral
Ligament (MCL)connect the tibia and
the femur on the
medial side of the
knee joint.
• A force from the
lateral side could
cause a tear to MCL.
• Very common injury
in many contact
sports.
Collateral Ligament
• Lateral Collateral
Ligament (LCL)connect the fibula
to the femur on
the lateral side of
knee.
• A force from the
medial side (rare)
can cause a tear
of the LCL.
Cartilage
• Articulate
Cartilage-covers
the moving parts
of the knee.
• Very smooth and
slippery.
• Chronic damage
to articulate
cartilage leads to
osteoarthritis.
Cartilage
• Meniscus- half moon
shaped cartilage
(Fibrocartilage) lying
between the knee
joint.
• These Menisces
(Lateral/Medial) act
as shock absorbers
to handle pounding
in the joint.
• Often prone to
tearing, which may
require surgery to
remove fragment.
Meniscus Tear
Knee Injuries
• ACL Replacement
surgery.
• Often requires
harvesting 1/3rd
of Patellar tendon
or from cadaver.
• Animation
• Animation 2
Arthroscopic Surgery for
Torn Meniscus
KNEE SURGERY
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=pguNCtOwzEc
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=i8EpT3uCVWU
Checkout Animation on
Arthroscopic Surgery