Transcript Slide 1
BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB Krešimir Tućin 2nd year, 2013/14 University of Zagreb Medical School Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat Function Carry and support the weight of the entire erect body Points for muscular attachments Locomotion (standing, walking, jumping, running, kicking, etc.) Components Thigh Knee Femur Patella Leg Tibia (medial) Fibula (lateral) Foot Tarsals (7) Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14) Surface anatomy Bony prominences and margins – palpable Exception: hip joint, neck, and shaft of the femur Anatomical landmarks – define the extent of the leg Superior anterior iliac spine, greater trochanter, medial condyle of tibia, and medial malleolus Anterior thigh Patella Femur Anterior leg bones Tibia Tibial tuberosity Anterior crest Medial surface Medial malleolus Fibula Condyles Head Lateral malleolus Posterior side – only tendons palpable Femur Thigh bone Largest, longest, strongest bone in the body! Receives a lot of stress Courses medially More in women! Articulates with acetabulum proximally and socket”) joint Articulates with tibia and patella distally lat. acetabulum = vinegar cup hip (“ball knee joint Knee Femur, patella, tibia Patella Kneecap Triangular sesamoid bone Protects knee joint Improves leverage of thigh muscles acting across the knee Contained within patellar ligament Tibia Shin bone Receives weight of body from femur and transmits to foot Second to femur in size and weight Articulates with fibula proximally and distally Articulates with femur and patella proximally Fibula Does NOT bear weight! Muscle attachment Not part of knee joint Stabilizes ankle joint *ankle joint = tibia, fibula, talus Fractures of the tibia and fibula Foot Function: Supports the weight of the body Acts as a lever to propel the body forward Parts: Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges of the foot Tarsals Hind part of the foot 7 short bones Similar to the carpals Parts: Calcaneus Talus Navicular 3 Cuneiforms Cuboid Metatarsals and phalanges of the foot Metatarsals Phalanges Midfoot Similar to metacarpals Forefoot 2 in the big toe, 3 in each of the other toes Both long bones Foot arches 3 arches Medial Longitudinal Lateral Transverse Tendons Function Inferior to foot bones Help support arches of foot Support the weight of the body during standing Elastic propulsion during walking Flat foot References en.wikipedia.org www.innerbody.com www.dartmouth.edu faculty.ccri.edu Elsevier, Drake et al: Gray's anatomy for students