Transcript Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
• Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones
• Composed of three pairs of fused bones
– Ilium
– Ischium
– Pubis
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
• The total weight of the
upper body rests on the
pelvis
• It protects several organs
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Part of the large intestine
Ilium
• Iliac crest – superior edge of “ala”
• Greater Sciatic Notch – notch that allows
blood vessels and the sciatic nerve to pass
from the pelvis posteriorly into the thigh
• Iliac Tuberosity - elevated and rough surface
inferior to iliac crest, for the attachment of the
posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Ilium
• Iliac Fossa - large, smooth, concave surface on
the internal surface of the
• Acetabulum – Site where ilium, ischium, and
pubis bones fuse. Deep socket that receives
the head of the femur.
Ischium
• Ischial Spine – superior to ischial tuberosity;
projection that narrows pelvic outlet
• Lesser Sciatic Notch – notch below ischial spine
• Ischial Tuberosity – roughened area that receives
body weight when sitting
• Ischial Ramus – inferior portion of ischium that
connects with pubis
• Obturator Foramen – opening that allows blood
vessels and nerves to pass into the anterior thigh
Pubis
• Inferior Ramus – inferior portion that
connects with ischium
• Pubic tubercle - prominent forward-projecting
structure on the upper border
Gender Differences of the Pelvis
(check the book for a comparison photo)
• The female inlet is larger and more circular
• The female pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the
bones are lighter and thinner
• The female ilia flare more laterally
• The female sacrum is shorter and less curved
• The female ischial spines are shorter and farther
apart; thus the outlet is larger
• The female pubic arch is more rounded because
the angle of the pubic arch is greater
Femur
– Femur (thigh bone)
• The heaviest, strongest
bone in the body
Femur
• Greater Trochanter – adjacent to head, most
superior portion; site for muscle attachment
• Lesser Trochanter – inferior to greater
trochanter; site for muscle attachment
• Head – round; articulates with acetabulum
• Lateral Condyle – distal, lateral end of femur;
articulates with tibia
• Medial Condyle - distal, medial end of femur;
articulates with tibia
Femur
• Intercondylar fossa – separates lateral and
medial condyles on posterior side of femur
• Popliteal surface - triangular area (“back of
knee”) between medial and lateral condyles.
Patella = knee cap
Tibia and Fibula
– Tibia
• Shinbone
• Larger and
medially oriented
– Fibula
• Thin and sticklike
Tibia
• Lateral condyle - at proximal end; articulates
with lateral condyle of femur to create knee
joint
• Medial condyle – at proximal end; articulates
with medial condyle of femur to create knee
joint
• Tibial tuberosity – roughened area on anterior
surface where patellar tendon attaches
• Medial malleolus – distal end, process that
creates inner bulge of ankle
Fibula
• Head – proximal end; articulates with inferior
portion of lateral condyle of tibia (not part of
knee joint)
• Lateral malleolus – distal end; forms outer
part of the ankle
– Tarsals
• Two largest tarsals
–Calcaneus
(heelbone)
–Talus
– Metatarsals—sole
– Phalanges—toes
Tarsals, Metatarsals,Phalanges