Transcript Ch 5 Power Point - Appendicular Skeleton

Chapter 5
Appendicular Skeleton
(126 bones)
Shoulder Girdle – aka Pectoral
Girdle
• 2 bones
– Clavicle – collarbone
• Attaches to manubrium and scapula
• Helps form shoulder joint – holds shoulder away
from thorax
– Scapula – shoulder blades
• Acromion – joins clavicle at acromioclavicular joint
• Coracoid process – anchors muscles
• Glenoid cavity – socket for humerus
• Only directly connected to axial skeleton at
sternoclavicular joint
• Allow for easy scapula movement – but is
easily dislocated
Upper Limb
• Arm – humerus
– Head – joins scapula at
glenoid cavity
– Greater/lesser tubercles –
muscle attachment
– Deltoid tuberosity – ½ way
down – deltoid attachment
– Trochlea and capitulum –
join forearm
– Coronoid and olecranon
fossas – allow elbow
movement
• Forearm
– Radius
• Lateral – on thumb side with palm out
• Head joins capitulum
• Radial tuberosity – bicep attachment
– Ulna
• Medial – on little finger
side with palm out
• Coronoid and olecranon
processes surround
trochlea
– Connected by
interosseous membrane
– Styloid process on distal
end of both
• Hand
– Carpals – carpus
(wrist) – 2
irregular rows of 4
bones each
– Metacarpals –
palm - #1-5 from
thumb
– Phalanges –
fingers – 14 bones
• 3 in fingers, 2 in
thumbs
Pelvic Girdle
• 2 coxal bones – aka ossa coxae – hip
bones
• When combined with sacrum and coccyx
= pelvis
• Attach securely to axial skeleton
• Bear weight of upper body
• Protect reproductive organs, bladder, large
intestines
• Formed from 3 fused bones
– Ilium
• Connects to sacrum at sacroiliac
joint
• Upper edge – iliac crest
– Ischium
• Inferior (bottom) portion
• Ischial tuberosity – receives
weight when sitting
– Pubis – pubic bone
• Pubic symphysis – cartilaginous
anterior joint btw the pubic bones –
forms pubic arch
• All 3 fuse at acetabulum –
socket for femur
• 2 regions
– False pelvis –
medial to flaring
portions of ilia
– True pelvis –
inferior to ilia –
surrounded by
bone
• Male and female
slightly differ
• Female is
adapted for
childbirth
Lower Limbs
• Thigh – femur
– Greater/lesser trochanters –
muscle attachment
– Joins hips at acetabulum –
held tightly
– Lateral and medial condyles
– join tibia
• Separated by intercondylar
fossa
– Patellar surface – joint w/
patella
• Leg
– Tibia – shinbone – medial
• Medial and lateral
condyles join femur
–Separated by
intercondylar eminence
• Tibial tuberosity – patellar
ligament joins
• Medial malleolus – inner
bulge of ankle
– Fibula – very thin
• Lateral malleolus – outer
bulge of ankle
• Foot
– Tarsals – tarsus – 7 bones
• Posterior ½ of foot
• Weight carried by 2
largest
–Calcaneus –
heelbone
–Talus – btw tibia
and calcaneus
– Metatarsals – sole – 5
bones
– Phalanges – toes – 14
bones
• Toes have 3 each, big
toe has 2