The Anatomical Knee - Helena Public School District
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Transcript The Anatomical Knee - Helena Public School District
The Anatomical Knee
Sports Medicine Class
Mr. Steve Gross
The Master of all Knowledge
Knee Diagram
The Knee
The knee is the largest
joint in the body
Bony wise the knee is
structurally weak
The knee consists of
moderate ligament
support
The muscular support
is very strong
Prevention on Knee injuries
Strengthen the Quadriceps and the
Hamstrings
Quads should be at least 70% of Hamstring
strength
Dominant leg should not be more than 10%
stronger than the other leg
Full Range of Motion of the knee joint
Proper fitting shoes (affect body posture)
Femur
Longest and strongest
bone of the body
Sits on top of a smaller
tibia
Joint slides even in
uneventful situations
Minimal rotation of femur
on the tibia
Distal femur is convex
Proximal tibia is concave
Tibia
Weight bearing bone
of the lower leg
Fibula
Non-weight bearing
bone of the lower leg
Serves as an anchor
for muscle attachment
Articulates only with
the tibia
Patella
Enclosed by patellar
tendon
Moves up and own in
front of the knee joint
– Protection for the knee
joint
Ligaments
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Medial Collateral Ligament
Secures femur to tibia
Also connects to the
cartilage
Broad and flat
ligament
Prevents against a
valgus force
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Cord-like Ligament
Does not attach to
Meniscus
Prevent against a
varus force
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Attaches to the
anterior portion of the
tibia
Attaches to the
posterior portion of
the femur
Prevents internal &
external rotation &
posterior slide of
femur
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Attaches to the
posterior portion of
the tibia and the
anterior portion of the
femur
Prevents forward slide
internal rotation and
hyperextension of the
knee
Cruciate Ligaments
Cruciate ligaments
make an X in the
center of the joint
preventing anterior
and posterior
movement of the
femur on the tibia
Muscles of the Knee
The knee joint has excellent muscular
support from the quadriceps, hamstrings,
adductors and abductors
Quadriceps
Extend lower leg
Insert on tibial tuberosity
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Hamstring Muscles
Flex the lower leg
Controls rotation
Origin is the pelvis and
femur
Insert tibia and fibula
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimebranosus
Gluteus Max,
Semitendonosus,Biceps
femoris, gastrocnemius,
semimembrainosus
Adductors
Gracilis
– Knee flexion and internal rotation
Sartorius
– Knee flexion and internal rotation
Abductors
Illiotibial Band (IT Band)
Gastrocnemius & Soleus
Plantar flexion
Cartilage
Two Meniscus
– Fibrous cartilage medial
and lateral
– Medial is a C shaped
cartilage
– Lateral is an O shaped
cartilage
Sit on top of tibia in the
concave indentation
Provide shock
absorption
Reduce friction
Meniscal Tears
Bursa
Fluid filled sacs
Cushion against friction
With increased friction bursa fluid is
emitted to reduce the friction
Synovial Membrane
Closed sac lining the inside of the knee joint
Lubricates tendons, ligaments, and bones
Mechanism of knee injuries
Contusions
Sprain
Strain
Fractures
overuse
Contusions
Direct blow
Fall
Contusions common in BB,VB,WR,& FB
Ligament Sprains
Blow from any direction
Compounded when the foot is planted
Most common is the MCL
Torsion Injuries
Foot planted and the body twists
Torsion injuries damage Ligaments and
Meniscus
Most common is the ACL
Chondramalacia
The centering of the
patella in the trochlear
groove is related to the
strength of the vastus
medialis obliqus (a part of
the vastus medialis
muscle) and the medial
patello-femoral ligaments
which pulls the patella
towards the opposite knee
while the vastus lateralis
and lateral patello-femoral
ligaments pull the knee
cap towards the outside
(lateral) aspect of the
knee. When all of these