Transcript Knee Anatomy PowerPoint

Anatomy of the Knee
Bony
Femur
The longest bone in the
body
The only bone of the thigh
Distal end articulates with
the tibia to form the knee
Proximal end articulates
with the pelvis to form the
hip
Patella
Largest sesmoid bone in
the body
Embedded in the patellar
tendon
Gives Quadriceps a
mechanical advantage by
providing a fulcrum
Tibia and Fibula
The proximal end of the fibula serves as an
attachment point for ligaments of the knee, but
has nothing to do with the acutal mechanics of
the knee
The proximal end of the tibia (tibial plateau)
articulates with the femur to form the knee joint
MUSCULAR
Quadriceps
Group of four muscles
on the anterior aspect of
the thigh
All four of them act to
extend the knee
The rectus femoris also
acts to flex the hip
All join to form the
patellar tendon
Sartorius
Longest muscle in the
body
Acts to flex and
externally rotate the
thigh and to flex and and
medially rotate the knee
“tailor’s muscle”
Hamstrings
Group of three muscles on
the posterior aspect of the
thigh
All of them act to flex the
knee
Two of them also extend the
hip
Medial thigh muscles
The adductors or groin
muscles
Act to adduct the thigh
The knee has four main ligaments
The two collateral ligaments sit on the medial
and lateral aspects of the knee joint
The two cruciate ligaments sit inside the knee
joint and form a cross
Collateral Ligaments
The medial collateral
ligament (MCL) runs
from the femur to the
tibia on the medial
aspect of the knee
Prevents excessive
valgus forces on the
knee
Collateral Ligaments
The lateral collateral
ligament (LCL) runs
from the femur to the
fibula on the lateral
aspect of the knee
Prevents excessive
varus forces on the knee
Cruciate Ligaments
Anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL) runs
from the anterior tiba to
the posterior femur
Prevents the the
anterior displacement of
the tibia on the femur
Cruciate Ligaments
Posterior cruciate
ligament (PCL) runs
from the posterior tiba
to the anterior femur
Prevents the posterior
displacement of the
tibia on the femur
Menisci
Two semi-circle pieces of
cartilage that sit on the
tibial plateau
In cross section they are
pie-shaped
They act to deepen the
articulating surface
between the femur and
tibia, as shock absorbers
& evenly distribute the
synovial fluid