Transcript military service France

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Louis XVI, was executed by guillotine (1793).
His death caused leaders of Prussia, Austria, Britain, Spain, and
Holland to declare war on France.
• “Committee of Public Safety”, lead by Maximilien Robespierre;
• Death penalty for enemies of France.
• “levee en masse” or mass male conscription for military service.
• Moderates regained
control of the French
government (1794).
• Robespierre is
executed and Reign of
Terror ends.
• Known as the
“Thermidorian
Reaction.”
• New government
formed, “Directory.”
• Protection of natural
rights.
• Abolished slavery in
the colonies.
• Education reforms.
• Stopped
“primogeniture” (the
right of the eldest son
to inherit all his
parent’s property).
• Nationalism led to a coup led by
the general Napoleon (1799).
• France returned to one-man rule
governed by Emperor Napoleon
Bonaparte (r. 1804-1814).
• One element of the French Revolution that Napoleon preserve
was the secular legal code.
• “the Code Napoleon”
a. All citizens were equal
b. Right to trial by jury
c. Freedom of religion
• “Concordat of 1801”,
made peace with
Catholic Church.
• Defeated Russia, Prussia,
and Austria.
• Created puppet kingdom in
northern Italy.
• Brought end to the Holy
Roman Empire.
• Created “Confederation of
the Rhine” a unification of
Germany states.
• Nationalism sprang up in
areas conquered by
Napoleon.
• “Continental
System”, an
international
embargo of British
trade.
• Failed because
other nations
refused to comply.
Napoleon’s downfall;
• France invaded Spain
and Portugal (1807).
• Britain helped fight
France.
• “Peninsular Campaign”
tied up French troops
and resources.
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Invaded Russia.
Victorious at the “Battle of Borodino”, outside Moscow, and occupied
the capital city.
Tsar Alexander I refused to sign a peace treaty.
Unable to remain in Moscow without supplies, his army retreated.
Entered Russia with 600,000, left with 100,000 (1812).
• Attack by the allied forces of Austria, Russia, Prussia, and
Great Britain (1814).
• Napoleon abdicated his throne.
• Napoleon exiled to island of Elba.
• “Congress of
Vienna,” ended
Napoleonic Wars.
• Boundaries and
former dynasties
reestablished.
• Goal was to keep
peace through a
“balance of
power.”