Transcript Napoleon Bonaparte - Loudoun County Public Schools

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* Warm up– Map
* Notes/Discussion over Napoleon
* 19th Century Vocabulary
* HW: Study Vocabulary and notes.
* Students will be able to :
* Identify Nationalism ideas and the conflicts it lead to
* Identify major events surrounding the rise and decline of Napoleon
Bonaparte
* Predict and speculate about the long term effects of Napoleon on
France
*
*
And the French Empire…
*Born in Corsica
*1785 Became Lt. in the artillery
*When the Revolution started- he
joined the new government
*
France…
*When royalists rebelled attacked the National
Assembly, he defended delegates with a canon
*Hailed as the savior of the French Republic
*1796 Appointed to lead the army against Austria
*
* By 1799 the Directory had lost control – only the army kept them
in power
* Napoleon and his wife Josephine start meeting with influential
people to seize power
* Nov. 9, 1799: Napoleon was put in charge of the military
* Nov. 10, 1799: His troops drove out members of the National
legislature
* Legislature dissolved the Directory and put 3 consuls in charge
*
* France was still at war
* Britain, Austria, and Russia tried to drive Napoleon from power,
but signed a treaty with him
* 1800 plebiscite (vote of the people) occurred to vote on new
constitution
* Passed giving most of the power to the first consul - Napoleon
*
* Promoted order and stability
* Supported laws and the goals of the Revolution
1. Economically: set up a tax system and established a national
bank
2.
Politically: dismissed corrupt officials and set up lycees (public
schools) to staff offices with qualified people (merit-based)
3.
Religiously: Signed a concordat (agreement with the Pope)
acknowledging the importance of the Catholic Church as long as
the Church did not interfere in political affairs
4.
Legally: Established Napoleonic Code (comprehensive set of
laws) which limited liberty and promoted order and authority
over individual rights (women lost rights, freedom of speech
and press are restricted, reinstated slavery in the Caribbean)
*
* Decided to make himself emperor- VOTERS SUPPORTED
Dec. 2, 1804 crowned himself Emperor
*
* Wanted to control Europe as well as the New World
* Had territories in Louisiana, Florida, French Guiana, French West
Indies, and Saint Domingue
* There was a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue led by Toussaint
L’Ouverture – Soured Napoleon on the New World as a whole
* Decided to sell Louisiana to the Americans for $15 million and
cut losses in the New World
*
*Annexed Austrian Netherlands and part of Italy
*Puppet government in Switzerland
*Britain, Russia and Austria form a coalition to
stop him
*Austria, Prussia, and Russia form peace
treaties
*British navy defeats Napoleon at the Battle of
Trafalgar
*Established supremacy of the British navy
*Napoleon gives up on conquering Britain
*
*Had mastered most of Europe
*Majority of Europe was either in his control, puppet
gov’t, or stuck in alliances except for Britain, the
Ottoman Empire, Portugal, and Sweden
*Led to more nationalism
*French Empire will collapse in 5 years
*
1.Continental System- orders a
blockade of Britain to make
continental Europe more selfsufficient and to crush Britain’s
economy. Was not tight enough.
Britain started their own blockade
which was much more successful. Hurt
Napoleon more because it weakened
the Empire’s economy
*
2. Peninsular War- attempted to
invade Portugal through Spain. Spain
rioted. He deposed Spanish king and
put brother on throne. Guerillas
began to attack French army. Britain
joined. Lost 300,000 men.
Nationalism in Spain increased.
*
3. Invasion of Russia (June 1812)- Invaded
because Czar would not stop trade with
Britain. Russians scorched-earth policy left
his men starving and freezing by the winter.
*
*Enemies started to take advantage of
weakened state
*Napoleon was banished to Elba (a small
island)
*Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) takes the
throne – quickly became unpopular
*Napoleon escaped from Elba and lands in
France March1, 1815
*
*Many welcomed him back, Louis XVIII fled
and he reclaimed his emperorship
*British army prepared and met him at
Battle of Waterloo
*Prussia joined in and they defeated him
(Hundred Days)
*Napoleon exiled to St. Helena (small
island) where he lived in exile for 6 years
until his death
*