Transcript Nationalist Revolutions sweep the west ch 8x

Chapter 8
NATIONALIST REVOLUTIONS
SWEEP THE WEST
EQ: WHAT LED PEOPLE IN
LATIN AMERICA TO FIGHT
COLONIAL RULE?
Colonial Rule
 Division in colonial society in Latin America
Peninsulares (European born- only ones who could
hold high political offices)
2. Creole (Spaniards born in Latin America)
3. Mestizos (mixed European & Indian ancestry)
4. Mulattos (mixed European & African)
5. Slaves and Indians
1.
 Most of the population disliked the division and
due to American & French Revolutions,
Enlightenment ideas and events in Europe under
Napoleon, many in LA sought to gain their
independence
Independence in Latin
America
 With your group collect the information
about your country
 Have it checked by Mrs. Brant within the
allotted time
Answer it…
 How was the Haitian Revolution different
from revolutions in the rest of Latin America?
EQ: HOW DID NATIONALISM
CHALLENGE THE CONSERVATIVE
ORDER OF EUROPE AND CREATE
NEW POLITICAL ORDERS?
Political Philosophies
 Conservatives: wanted to protect traditional
gov’ts (monarchies)
 Wealthy property owners and nobles
 Liberal: wanted to give more power to elected
parliaments but only educated and
landowners could vote
 Mostly middle class
 Radical: favored drastic change to extend
democracy to all people
Nationalism
 Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should be
to the nation
 Believe those who share a common culture and
history should unite under 1 gov’t
 Leads to growth of nation-states: nation w/
its own independent gov’t
 Defends territory, way of life and represents
nation to the rest of the world
 1815- only France, Spain and England were nationstates
Greeks win self-rule
 1st to win self-rule: Greeks
 Had been controlled by
Ottoman Empire; rebel 1821
(supported by Europe)
 1827- British, French and
Russian forces destroy Ottoman
fleet
 1830- treaty signed giving
Greece independence
Revolutions of 1830
 Belgians declared
independence
from Dutch
 Italy tried to unite
 Prince Metternich
sent Austrian
troops to stop
 Poland revolts
against Russia
 Crushed within a
year
Revolutions of 1848 fail
 Liberal uprisings erupted
throughout Austrian Empire
 Call in Budapest for self-rule of
Hungary
 Prague- Czechs want
independence
 Mob in Vienna leads to Prince
Metternich resigning- only
thing accomplished by the
1848 uprisings
Radicals change France
 Goal: democratic gov’t
 1830- King Charles X tried to rtn to absolute
monarchy; fled and replaced by Louis-Philippe
 1848- mob in Paris set up republic
 Feuding btw ideas of reforms: political vs. social and
economic
 Result- moderate constitution with parliament and
president, elected by the ppl
 1848- Louis Napoleon wins, 4 yrs later makes himself
emperor Napoleon III
 Built RRs, industrialized France
Reform in Russia
 1820s- many desire change and end to serfdom
(czar refuses)
 1853-1856 Crimean War (takes place under Czar
Nicholas I)
 Russia wants part of Ottoman Empire
 Fails b/c Britain, France, Ottomans and Sardinia unite
against them AND Russia lacked RRs and industries
needed to support troops
 Czar Alexander II (1855) reformed Russia
 1861- freed serfs: as peasants given land but had to
pay back in 49 years
 When assassinated in 1881- reforms halted
 Czar Alexander III –
industrialization
power of czar, encouraged
Breakup of Empires
 All had many different ethnic/cultural peoples within their
borders
 Austrian Empire
 1867- Emperor Francis Joseph split the empire due to Hungarian
desire for a separate state; becomes Austrian-Hungary Empire
 Breaks into several countries after WWI
 Russian Empire
 Russification- forced Russian culture on all ppl
 Strengthened nationalist mvmts
 Last czar abdicates 1917
 Ottoman Empire
 1856- grants citizenship to all ppl under their rule (angers some
Turks)
 Armenian nationalism increased; leads to various genocides against
them
 Dissolves after WWI
Nationalism: Italy and
Germany
 Complete Case Study questions dealing with
nationalism in Italy and Germany
Answer the EQ
 How did nationalism challenge the
conservative order of Europe and create new
political orders?
EQ: HOW DID ART AND
INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS
CHANGE EUROPE DURING THE
1800S?
Romanticism
Late 18th to mid 19th century
(late 1700s to mid-1800s)
 Reflected interest in nature and in thoughts and
feelings; emotional, reject middle class order
 Poetry the highest form of expression
 William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord
Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats, Johann Wolfgang
von Goethe, Jakob & Wilhelm Grimm, Victor Hugo
 Mary Shelley- gothic novel “Frankenstein”
 Composers emphasized emotion
 Ludwig van Beethoven “Ninth Symphony”, Chopin,
Verdi
Realism
Began Mid- 19th century
 Showed life as it was
 Reflected importance of working class
 Influenced by industrialization, interest in
scientific method, invention of the camera
 Honore de Balzac, Emile Zola, Charles Dickens
Impressionism
Began 1860s
 React against realism,
show their “impression”
of a subject
 Showed positives of
urban society, glorified
life of middle class
 Monet, Degas, Renoir
 Composers tried to
compose mental pictures
Water Lilies
-Claude Monet