Transcript Unit 6 Power Point - Ms. Croft`s World History

Revolutions, Imperialism and WWI
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of
Revolutions and Rebellions.
• a. Examine absolutism through a comparison
of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great,
and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Absolutism: the acceptance of or belief in
absolute principles in political, philosophical,
ethical, or theological matters.
Essential/DOK Questions
• Define absolutism. Explain
how King Louis XIV of
France, Tsar Peter the Great of
Russia or Tokugawa Ieyasu of
Japan used absolutism in their
reigns.
Absolutism of King Louis XIV of France
• King Louis, who gave
himself the nickname “The
Sun King,: believed in
absolute monarchy – that
he himself was deemed by
God to rule France, instead
of a Prime Minister.
• He came to the throne at
the age of four and ruled
for 72 years.
• He revoked the Edict of
Nantes, which allowed
tolerance for Protestants in
Catholic France.
Absolutism of Tsar Peter the Great of
Russia
• After Peter visited Western
Europe, he began to model the
Russian Empire similarly to the
Western technology, military
organization, and political
practice.
• Peter reformed his military and
defeated Sweden to take control
over Estonia and Latvia, which
are on the shores of the Baltic
Sea. Peter was able to establish
his new capital of St. Petersburg
near the Baltic Sea.
• He was absolute in his desire to
make Russia like the West.
Absolutism of Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Founder of the Tokugawa
Shogunate.
• He played a chess game
with his vassals – placing
his most loyal and
important ones in areas
where he needed to
exert control – to
maintain himself as
leader of Japan.
• He also used his armies
to kill his enemies.
Revolutions
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of
Revolutions and Rebellions.
• b. Identify the causes and results of the
revolutions in England (1689), United States
(1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin
America (1808-1825).
Essential/DOK Question
• Compare and contrast the
causes and results of the
English (Glorious) Revolution,
American Revolution, Haitian
Revolution or the Latin
American Revolution.
The Glorious Revolution (England)
• The Glorious Revolution of
1688 was the overthrow of
King James II by the
conspiracy of English
politicians and the Protestant
King William of Orange, of the
Netherlands.
• King James II and his heir
threatened to reestablish
Catholicism in England.
• After William’s invasion, King
James was deposed and
banished and William and his
wife Mary (Protestant
daughter of King James II)
became King and Queen of
England.
American Revolution
• 1765 – Taxation without
representation.
• This eventually led to fighting
between colonists and the British
army that became a full blown
American Revolution. The
Americans were led by General
George Washington.
• The colonies declared themselves
free on July 4, 1776 with the
Declaration of Independence.
• The American colonies worn the
war and formed a new
government separate from Great
Britain.
French Revolution
• The French government
was in deep debt and
tried to harshly tax the
people.
• The people became
angry and rose up
against the government.
• King Louis XVI was
executed in January
1793.
• His queen, Marie
Antoinette, followed.
French Revolution – Reign of Terror
• Maximillien Robespierre led a
committee that was supposed
to help protest the new
republic.
• Instead, at least 16,594 people
died under the guillotine or
otherwise after accusations of
counter-revolutionary activities.
Eventually, France settled down
but its revolution influenced
hundreds of others.
Haitian Revolution
• This was a slave uprising
that led to liberty from
the European colonists
and eventual government
by former slaves.
• Haiti was formerly the
French colony of Saint
Domingue.
• France’s transformation
impacted Haiti’s, as it was
granted its freedom from
France in 1792.
Latin American Revolution
• These revolutions followed
the American and French
Revolutions, which had
profound effects on the
Spanish, Portuguese and
French colonies in the
Americas.
• Many Central and South
American countries gained
their independence, such as
Venezuela, Columbia,
Ecuador, Argentina,
Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile,
Peru and Bolivia.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of
Revolutions and Rebellions.
• c. Explain Napoleon’s rise to power, the role of
geography in his defeat, and the
consequences of France’s defeat for Europe
Essential/DOK Questions
• How did Napoleon Bonaparte
rise to power and explain how
geography led to his defeat
and the consequences of that
loss.
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
• Napoleon rapidly rose
through the ranks of the
military during the
French Revolution (17891799). After seizing
political power in France
in a 1799 coup, he
crowned himself
emperor in 1804.
• Napoleon successfully
waged war against
various European nations
and expanded his
empire.
How Geography Led to Napoleon’s
Defeat
• Napoleon made a
terrible decision to
invade Russia and to
trek further into the
vast lands of Russia
looking for the Russian
Army until a problem
set in – Winter.
• Only 1/6 of Napoleon’s
troops were able to
return to France.
Napoleon Abdicates the Throne of
France
• On April 6, 1814,
Napoleon, then in his
mid-40s, was forced to
abdicate the throne.
With the Treaty of
Fontainebleau, he was
exiled to Elba, a
Mediterranean island off
the coast of Italy. He was
given sovereignty over
the small island, while
his wife and son went to
Austria.
Napoleon Returns!
• Napoleon escaped and
returned to cheering
crowds in Paris.
• He began his 100 Days
Campaign. He invaded
Belgium, where the Battle
of Waterloo was fought.
He was defeated by the
British and the Prussians.
• He was exiled to the
British-held island St.
Helena, where he died at
the age of 51.
The Consequences for France’s Defeat
on Europe
• Napoleon had a great
impact on Europe’s ideas
of equality and
freedoms.
• He ended the French
Revolution.
• He is also famous for his
Napoleonic Code, which
divided civil law into 3
main categories –
Personal Status, Property
and the Acquisition of
Property.
The Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of
Revolutions and Rebellions.
• d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan
with westerners; include the Opium War, the
Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.
Essential/DOK Questions
• Explain the impact of the
Opium War, the Taiping
Rebellion and Commodore
Perry on China and Japan.
First Opium War
• In the First Opium War,
Britain was illegally
exporting opium to China
via India and thousands
became addicted.
• The Chinese tried to
blockade the British but
it led to war. The British
won and a peace treaty
was signed – The Treaty
of Nanjing.
• The Chinese also ceded
Hong Kong to the British.
Second Opium War
• While China was dealing
with the Taiping Rebellion,
the British renewed
hostilities with China.
• The French also joined in
because the Chinese had
murdered one of their
emissaries.
• The British and French
won, and the importation
of opium was legalized as a
result of the second treaty
to end the war.
Taiping Rebellion
• Hong Xiuquan declared
himself to be the son of
God and the younger
brother of Jesus. He set
out to reform China and
started the Taiping
Rebellion.
• The rebellion went on for
14 years.
• Hong’s death by suicide
was the end of the
rebellion.
Commodore Matthew Perry
• Perry was sent to Japan
(which was closed to
foreigners) to negotiate a
trade agreement with
the U.S.
• The Japanese refused at
first, but impressed by
American naval power,
they agreed.
• Two ports were opened
to American sailors and
traders.
The Industrial Revolution
Georgia Performance Standards
• The student will be able to describe the
impact of industrialization, the rise of
nationalism, and the major characteristics of
worldwide imperialism.
• a. Analyze the process and impact of
industrialization in England, Germany, and
Japan, movements for political reform, the
writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and
urbanization and its effect on women.
Essential/DOK Questions
• What is industrialization
and how did England,
Germany and Japan change
due to industrialization.
Industrialization - England
• The Industrial Revolution
began in England in the late
1700’s.
• It was a stable society with
great resources of coal and
iron.
• While industrialization
brought about a variety of
manufactured goods and an
improved standard of living
for some, it also resulted in
often grim employment and
living conditions for the poor
and working classes.
Industrialization - Germany
• 1848 – The Industrial
Revolution begins in
Germany. It helps to
bring the people of
Germany together.
• The railroads were a
strong factor in the
revolution as well as
manufacturing.
• Regular employment was
now available for most
Germans.
Industrial Revolution - Japan
• Japan became more
Westernized. A Western-style
army and navy were created.
New banks were established
to fund trade and provide
investment capital. Railways
and steam vessels improved
national communications.
• by 1900, Japan was fully
engaged in an industrial
revolution. Its success in
managing foreign influences
was a major accomplishment,
but Japan before World War I
was still behind the West.
Adam Smith and Karl Marx
• Adam Smith was a
Scottish political
economist wrote Wealth
of Nations, the basis for
the capitalist economy.
• Karl Marx was a Prussian
political economist who
wrote The Communist
Manifesto, the basis for
the socialist
economy/government.
Political Reform and Urbanization’s
Effect on Women
• Movements for
women’s suffrage in
the UK and the US.
• Political reform for
child workers’ rights.
• US Labor movement
• Education Reform
Germany, Japan, Russia and the Boxer
Rebellion
Georgia Performance Standards
• The student will be able to describe the impact
of industrialization, the rise of nationalism, and
the major characteristics of worldwide
imperialism.
• b. Compare and contrast the rise of the nation
state in Germany under Otto von Bismarck and
Japan under Emperor Meiji.
• c. Describe the reaction to foreign domination;
include the Russo-Japanese War and Young Turks,
and the Boxer Rebellion.
Essential/DOK Questions
• What are the similarities and differences of
Germany under Otto von Bismarck and Japan
under Emperor Meiji?
• How did the Russo-Japanese War, the Young
Turks or the Boxer Rebellion epitomize the
reaction to foreign domination?
Germany Under Otto von Bismarck
• 1st Chancellor of
Germany.
• He executed a series of
wars to unite the
German states into the
country of Germany. He
then kept Germany out
of European wars to help
maintain its stability.
• He created the first
welfare state in the
modern world for
Germany.
Japan Under Emperor Meiji
• Under his rule Japan
changed from a feudal
state to a capitalist and
imperial world power,
characterized by the
Japanese industrial
revolution.
• He changed the name of
Japan’s capitol city to
Tokyo, “eastern capitol.”
• Meiji reformed the
government and created
a parliament.
Russo-Japanese War (1904 – 1905)
• The Russians and Japanese
fought over imperial
ambitions in Manchuria
and Korea.
• The Russians needed a
warm-water port on the
Pacific Ocean.
• The Japanese saw the
Russians as interfering in
their sphere of influence.
• Japan won, and a peace
treaty was negotiated by
U.S. President Theodore
Roosevelt.
The Ottoman Empire – The Young
Turks
• The Young Turks was a
political reform movement
in the early 1900’s. They
wanted to replace the
Ottoman Empire’s absolute
monarchy with a
constitutional monarchy.
• They led a rebellion against
the government in 1908.
• They won and established a
constitutional government
with multi-party
democracy for the first
time in the nation’s history.
Boxer Rebellion
• The Boxer Rebellion
lasted from 1889 – 1901.
• It was led by a group that
were called the “Boxers,”
who were against
Chinese imperialism and
Christians trying to be
missionaries in China.
• Numerous other nations
became involved.
• Eventually, many Boxers
were executed and the
rebellion came to an end.
Imperialism
Georgia Performance Standards
• The student will be able to describe the
impact of industrialization, the rise of
nationalism, and the major characteristics of
worldwide imperialism.
• d. Describe imperialism in Africa and Asia by
comparing British policies in Africa, French
policies in Indochina, and Japanese policies in
Asia; include the influence of geography and
natural resources.
Essential/DOK Question
• Describe imperialism by
comparing British policies
in Africa with French
policies in Indochina and
Japanese policies in Asia.
British Imperialism in Africa
The purpose of British
colonization was to take
advantage of the colonies’
resources, people and lands.
The British colonized many
modern countries or areas in
Africa.
Kenya
Somalia
Egypt
South Africa
Zimbabwe
French Policies in Indochina
• French Indochina was
territory that is now
modern-day Vietnam, Laos
and Cambodia.
• This area offered a strategic
geographic location to trade
with China. They also
included great land for
sugar cane, tobacco and
pineapple agriculture.
• National resources included
tin, oil and minerals.
Japanese Imperialism in Asia
• As an island country,
Japan has a great need
for resources not found
on their lands.
• The Japanese used their
military to attack other
countries and areas, like
Korea and Manchuria, to
obtain what they needed.
• Russia, France and
Germany became
involved to stop Japanese
aggression in Asia.
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an
understanding of long-term causes of World
War I and its global impact.
• a. Identify the causes of the war; include
Balkan nationalism, entangling alliances, and
militarism.
• b. Describe conditions on the war front for
soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun.
Essential/DOK Questions
• Explain the causes of World
War I.
• Describe the conditions on
the war front for soldiers in
World War I.
What Caused WWI?
• The most direct cause (or
trigger) of the war was
the assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of AustriaHungary.
• Austria-Hungary declared
war on Serbia, the home
country of the assassin.
• This set of alliances all
across Europe.
WHAT CAUSED WWI?
THE TRIGGER OF THE ASSASSINATION SET OFF:
Treaties and Alliances: European
nations had formed alliances with
other countries who were then
pulled into the war.
Militarism: In the years prior to
the war European countries had
been stockpiling weapons in an
arms race.
What caused WWI?
• Nationalism: Much of the
origin of the war was based
on the desire of the Slavic
peoples in Bosnia and
Herzegovina to no longer
be part of Austria Hungary
but instead be part of
Serbia. The nationalism of
the various countries
throughout Europe
contributed not only to the
beginning but the
extension of the war in
Europe.
Conditions of the Soldiers on the
Battlefield
• Life on the war front was
hard, food was scarce,
and staying healthy was
difficult due to the
conditions of the camps
and the trenches.
• Thousands men died
from disease and
infection.
• Rats and lice ran rampant
among the troops.
Battle of Verdun
• The Battle of Verdun was
fought from 21 February to 18
December 1916, was one of
the largest and longest
battles of the First World War
on the Western Front
between the German and
French armies. The battle
took place on the hills north
of Verdun-sur-Meuse in
north-eastern France.
• The French won a victory
against the Germans but
almost 1 MILLION men died in
this battle.
End of WWI
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an
understanding of long-term causes of World War
I and its global impact.
• c. Explain the major decisions made in the
Versailles Treaty; include German reparations and
the mandate system that replaced Ottoman
control.
• d. Analyze the destabilization of Europe in the
collapse of the great empires; include the
Romanov and Hapsburg dynasties.
Essential/DOK Questions
• Explain what decisions were made in the
Versailles Treaty and how these decisions
impacted German reparations and the
mandate system that replaced Ottoman
control.
• Why did great empires collapse in Europe and
destabilize the continent? Include a
discussion of the Romanov and Hapsburg
dynasties.
Versailles Treaty
• June 28, 1919 – WWI
ends with the Treaty of
Versailles.
• Germany was seen as the
main aggressor and lost
large parts of its
territory, including all of
its colonies.
• Germany was also
stripped of numerous
weapons and forced to
pay reparations to the
Allies for their losses.
German Reparations
• Germany was required to
pay the Allied Powers
$33 Billion U.S. dollars.
• The reparations plus
other war debts put
Germany into
hyperinflation – their
currency was worth
practically nothing.
• This helped lead to
WWII.
Mandate System
• The mandate system was
established by the League
of Nations after World War
I. The system was
established to set
regulations pertaining to
territories transferred
between countries.
• The mandate pertained to
territories once controlled
by states that saw defeat
during World War I, mainly
Imperial Germany and the
Ottoman Empire.
Destabilization of Europe
• The Romanov Dynasty had ruled
Russia for 300 years. Then the
Russian Revolution (led by
Vladimir Lenin) happened –
Nicholas II and his family were
murdered, ending the Romanov
Dynasty.
• The Hapsburg dynasty in Austria
was last ruled by Emperor
Charles I, and he also was a ruler
in Hungary, called King Charles
IV. He ruled in Austria until
November 11, 1918, when his
empire collapsed around him
because of their defeat in World
War I.