Transcript Recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened despots of Europe

Recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened
despots of Europe
1. represent a new type of
monarchy that emerged in
the eighteenth century
2. were affected little by
Enlightenment ideas
3. were more “enlightened”
than “despotic”
4. relished the opportunity to
implement the ideas of the
philosophes
5. had absolutely nothing to
do with the philosophes or
their ideas
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The reign of Louis the XV was marked by
1. great military victories and
a growing empire
2. a return to fiscal and social
stability
3. vigorous and vital
leadership on the part of
the king
4. mounting debt and higher
taxes
5. increasing public support
for the monarchy
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The political system of Great Britain during the
eighteenth century can be described as
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absolutist, with power solely
in the hands of the king
oligarchic, with power
concentrated in the hands of
a few aristocrats
unstable, with limited
leadership in the seat of
government
balanced, with the sharing of
power between the crown
and Parliament
democratic, with power solely
in the hands of the
Parliament
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Between the end of the sixteenth century and the
eighteenth century, the economic center of Europe
1. remained in the
Mediterranean
2. was balanced between the
states of the
Mediterranean and the
Atlantic
3. shifted from the
Mediterranean to the
Atlantic seaboard
4. remained in the Atlantic
seaboard
5. was land based
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During his forty-six year reign, Frederick the Great of
Prussia did not:
1. have the philosophe
Voltaire tutor him at court
2. eliminate the use of torture
except in cases of murder
or treason
3. eliminate serfdom and
restructure the Prussian
class system
4. enlarge the army and use it
in foreign policy disputes
5. make Prussia one of
Europe’s great powers
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Joseph II of Austria tried to demonstrate that
philosophy was his lawmaker by
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granting monopolies only to
banks which hired people
from all classes
permitting each part of his
empire to speak its native
tongue in court
letting Protestants worship
freely in five cities of his
kingdom
establishing the principle
that all his subjects were
equal before the law
imposing a system of tariffs
and trade barriers
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All rural reforms in Russia were halted and
serfdom was expanded by
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Peter the Great
Peter III
Catherine the Great
Ivan the Terrible
Alexander Romanov
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Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned
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Poland
Sweden
Serbia
the Balkans
Croatia
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The War of the Austrian Succession was fought
in all of the following locations except
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India
North America
Prussia
Netherlands
China
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The Seven Years’ War
1. saw Britain ally with
Austria
2. was initiated by
Russian incursions into
Poland
3. saw much fighting in
South America
4. led to the weakening of
France
5. ended with Austria in
control of Silesia
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The most important factor in Europe’s dramatic
eighteenth-century population growth was
1. a significant decline in
the death rate
2. a doubling of the birth
rate
3. improved diet
4. improved hygienic
conditions
5. the elimination of
smallpox and dysentery
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In North America, the Seven Years’ War was
known as the
1. War of Austrian
Succession
2. Franco-British War
3. French and Indian War
4. Franco-Austrian War
5. Prussian and Indian
War
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Food production increased because of all of the
following factors except
1. improvements in the
climate
2. the availability of more
farmland
3. better farming
techniques
4. greater yield per acre
5. better and more
livestock
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The nature of European social organization in the
eighteenth century can be best described as
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based on new Enlightenment
notions of equality
based on a person’s
educational success
based on a person’s
contributions to the social
order
based on a person’s
accumulation of wealth
founded on traditional
“orders,” while Enlightenment
thought sought to introduce
reforms
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By the end of the eighteenth century,
1. Rome was the largest city
in Europe
2. the inhabitants of cities
outnumbered rural
residents
3. the urban poor resented
the prosperity of
agricultural regions
4. large cities offered
educational and cultural
opportunities
5. common folk held the bulk
of political power in towns
and cities
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