Transcript wwI Power Point for Blog

“War to End All Wars”
1914-1918
SETTING THE STAGE
• Many Western European countries had become constitutional
monarchies by the late 1800’s.
• Constitutional Monarchy- a form of government with elected
officials and a king or queen with limited powers
• Since the people could vote and elect their own lawmakers,
people began to have more pride and support for their
countries.
• Also, many Western European countries had colonies that
supplied raw materials needed to produce goods.
• They were willing to go any lengths to defend their countries.
EUROPEAN ALLIANCES BEFORE THE WAR.
Why did nations
make alliances?
In the early 1900’s, nations
feared one another. Each
nation was afraid another
would invade or try to take
over its territory.
Nations made alliances
(agreements with one
another) to protect
themselves.
The combination of these
alliances and nationalism
made conditions ripe for
warfare..
ALLIANCE- AN AGREEMENT AMONG PEOPLE
OR NATIONS TO UNITE FOR A COMMON CAUSE
Allied Forces
Russia, France, Great
Britain, Italy, U.S.
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary,
Germany, Bulgaria,
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
THE SPARK THAT LIT
THE FUSE….
• The Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) was
assassinated while visiting Serbia.
• The Black Hand was responsible….
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his
wife, Sophia
• The Serb nationalist gunman, Gavrilo Princip,
was standing on the left side near the road as
the Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the AustroHungarian Empire, was driving by.
Two bullets were about
to lead to the deaths of a further 20 million men!
Both died within minutes from their wounds.
Archduke’s bloodstained jacket
Gavrilo Princip, Serbian terrorist
WWI Begins!
• The emperor of Austria-Hungary
declared war on Serbia in 1914 after
the murder of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand.
• Russia responded by sending troops to
defend Serbia.
• Germany then declared war on Russia.
• WWI began.
• Other countries began declaring war on
each other due to alliances.
• The United States reluctantly entered the
war on April 6, 1917, after Germany sank
four American merchant ships.
TRENCH WARFARE
Life inside the trenches were very
dangerous, especially the ones on the
front lines. It was a nasty hole .
A soldier did everything inside the
trench they ate, slept, utilized the
latrine, and entertained themselves in
the trench.
When it rained the trenches became
waterlogged and they often most times
caught trench foot.
In this photo the French Soldiers are
taking a prisoner. This shows that
everything was done within the
trenches.
•
Military Firsts of WW I
Use of chemical warfare
 Use of tanks and machine guns
 Use of bombs from planes
 Use of submarines in combat

Total deaths from WWI: 22 million civilians
and soldiers
The Treaty of Versailles
The treaty officially ended the war in 1919.
After WWI much of Europe was destroyed.
After losing WWI in 1918, Germany was
severely punished for its role in the war.
The terms were set in the Treaty of
Versailles.
 This made it even more difficult for
Germany to recover and rebuild after the
war.
 Other factors that contributed to their
difficulty were the worldwide Depression
and a flu pandemic.



Terms of the
Treaty of Versailles
Germany had to accept the blame ‘for
causing all the loss and damage’ of the
war.
 Germany had to pay for all damages of
war.
 Loss of land, colonies, industries, and a
significant reduction in military.

Europe After 1919
• Germany and much of Europe was left in
economic ruin.
• More people died in WWI than in all the
wars of the 19th century combined.
• Austria-Hungary became two separate
countries.
• Many other boundaries of European
countries were altered.
• What happened to Germany
and Austria-Hungary after the
war?