Transcript world-war-i-1 - Cobb Learning

World War I
1914- 1918
https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/worldwari/
Setting the Stage
• Many Western European countries had become
constitutional monarchies by the late 1800’s.
• Constitutional Monarchy- a form of government with
elected officials and a king or queen with limited
powers
• Since the people could vote and elect their own
lawmakers, people began to have more pride and
support for their countries.
• Also, many Western European countries had colonies
that supplied raw materials needed to produce goods.
• They were willing to go any lengths to defend their
countries.
Causes of WWI – MANIA!
Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect
one another
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country
economically and politically.
Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Militarism
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
European Alliances BEFORE
the war.
Why did nations
make alliances?
In the early 1900’s, nations
feared one another. Each
nation was afraid another
would invade or try to take
over its territory.
Nations made alliances
(agreements with one
another) to protect
themselves.
The combination of these
alliances and nationalism
made conditions ripe for
warfare..
So, What about Italy?
• Italy refuses to join the war on the side of
Germany and Austria-Hungary because they did
not want to fight (they had a nonaggression
treaty with the two countries to protect
themselves from France).
• They take a “wait and see” approach to the war.
• 1915, Italy signs the secret Treaty of London
with Great Britain in exchange for large portions
of the Adriatic Sea and joins the war on the side
of the allies.
Nationalism
• Strong nationalist movements and revolutions
led to the unification of Italy in 1861 and
Germany in 1871.
• France lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and
regaining it was a major goal of the French.
• Nationalism posed a problem for AustriaHungary and the Balkans, areas comprised of
many conflicting national groups.
• Pan-Slavism vs Pan-Germanism
Imperialism
• Great Britain, Germany and France needed
foreign markets after the increase in
manufacturing caused by the Industrial
Revolution.
• These countries competed for economic expansion in
Africa. Although Britain and France resolved their
differences in Africa, several crises foreshadowing the
war involved the clash of Germany against Britain and
France in North Africa.
• In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was
alluring to Austria-Hungary, the Balkans and Russia.
European
Conquest of
Africa
The
“Spark”
Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and
Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia,
on June 28th, 1914.
Austrian
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand was
killed in Bosnia by
a Serbian
nationalist group
called the Black
Hand who
believed that
Bosnia should
belong to Serbia.
• The Serb nationalist gunman, Gavrilo Princip,
was standing on the left side near the road as
the Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the AustroHungarian Empire, was driving by.
Two bullets were about
to lead to the deaths of a further 20 million men!
Both died within minutes from their wounds.
Archduke’s bloodstained jacket
Gavrilo Princip, Serbian terrorist
Domino Effect
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared
war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
Domino Effect
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
Why did the US enter the war?
• The United States reluctantly entered
the war on April 6, 1917, after
Germany sank American merchant
ships (over several years).
• Zimmerman Telegram (January 1917)
•
“On April 6, 1917, two days after the U.S. Senate votes 82 to 6 to declare
war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the
decision by a vote of 373 to 50, and the United States formally enters the
First World War.”
Weapons of War
• Machine gun. How did this change war?
How was it fought before?
• Trench Warfare = “solution”.
• Millions die without gaining ground.
TRENCH WARFARE
Life inside the trenches were very
dangerous, especially the ones on the
front lines. It was a nasty hole .
A soldier did everything inside the
trench they ate, slept, utilized the
latrine, and entertained themselves in
the trench.
When it rained the trenches became
waterlogged and they often most times
caught trench foot.
In this photo the French Soldiers are
taking a prisoner. This shows that
everything was done within the
trenches.
•
What new weapons were used in
WWI?
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•
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•
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Machine gun
Poison gas
Submarine
Airplane
Tank
Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!
http://viewpure.com/c-LxzD6Luj4?start=0&end=0
How does the war end?
http://www.neok12.com/video/World-War-I/zX4157705d605940656f766b.htm
• Russian Revolution
• Germany surrendered.
• Allies impose Treaty of Versailles.
– Declares Germany guilty for war.
– Germany must pay reparations to Allies.
• League of Nations formed to try to prevent
war in the future.
The Treaty of Versailles
http://www.neok12.com/video/World-WarI/zX4b5269505e4b7a45666451.htm
• The treaty officially ended the war in 1919.
• After WWI much of Europe was destroyed.
• After losing WWI in 1918, Germany was
severely punished for its role in the war. The
terms were set in the Treaty of Versailles.
• This made it even more difficult for Germany to
recover and rebuild after the war.
• Other factors that contributed to their difficulty
were the worldwide Depression and a flu
pandemic.
Terms of the
Treaty of Versailles
• Germany had to accept the blame ‘for
causing all the loss and damage’ of the
war.
• Germany had to pay for all damages of
war.
• Loss of land, colonies, industries, and a
significant reduction in military.
https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/leagueofnations/