Transcript Nationalism

• What do you think makes
a nation a nation?
• When is it legitimate to
call a nation one?
A group of
people who
share similar
traditions,
history,
culture,
religion, &
language
When such a
group
occupies a
definite
territory & is
united under
its own gov’t
A feeling of love
& loyalty for
one’s country &
people
My highest loyalty belongs
to the nation-state!
Poems,
flags &
national
anthems!
Positive Influences
We can
do better!
Inspiration
for
positive
change
Development
for
self-government
No one
knows
more
about
governing
us
than us!
1. Racism
Hatred of
different
groups, people,
or nations
2. Militarism
The glorification of
armed strength
War is seen
as the
purest form
of patriotism
3.
Social
Darwinism
Application
of Darwin’s
theory of
evolution to
human
society
The fittest
for survival
enjoy wealth
& success,
while poor
remain poor
because they
are weak
 Several revolutions erupted in
Europe between 1815 and 1829,
and the spread of revolutionary
ideals would ignite new uprisings
in 1830 and 1848.
 Also occurring during this time
were the wars of independence in
Latin America.
 These revolts began in the late
1700s and early 1800s and were
inspired by the success of the
American Revolution and the
ideals of the French Revolution.
How did revolutionary
ideals in Europe and
Latin America ignite
uprisings in the first
half of the nineteenth
century?
Remember the
Congress of Vienna?
After Napoleon was taken out of
power, a group of diplomats and
heads of state from the empires of
Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain and
France worked from September
1814 to June 1815 to create a
lasting peace by establishing a
balance of power and protecting the
system of monarchy. They tried to
uproot the “revolutionary seed” and
suppress nationalistic fervor.
European Ideologies
Around 1800
The clash of people
with opposing
ideologies plunged
Europe into more
than 30 years of
turmoil.
What is an ideology?
defined as a “system of
thought and belief”
the set of ideas and
beliefs of a group or
political party
one that forms the basis
of economic or political
theory and policy.
Conservatism
♪ Supports a return to world before 1789
♪ Supports restoration of royal families to power
♪ Supports a social hierarchy
♪ Supports established church
♪ Suppresses revolutionary ideas
♪ Opposes freedom of the press
♪ Uses troops to crush protests
Liberalism
♣ Supports government based on written constitutions
♣ Supports separation of powers within the government
♣ Opposes divine-right monarchs, the old aristocracy, and
established churches
♣ Supports rights of liberty, equality, and property
♣ Protects rights such as freedom of thought, speech, and
religion
♣ Supports laissez-faire economic policies
Nationalism
♫ People with a common heritage united to try to
form their own homeland
Nationalists looked to
unite people
with common heritage.
For centuries
European
rulers had
traded lands
through wars
or royal
marriages.
States such as
Austria,
Russia, and the
Ottoman
empire
included many
diverse ethnic
groups.
In the 1800s,
national
groups sought
to create their
own states
based on a
common
heritage.
Nationalism spurred revolts in southeastern and
southern Europe in the early 1800s.
•
Serbians Seek Independence
•
The Ottomans had ruled the Balkans in
southeastern Europe for 300 years.
•
Karageorge led a Serbian revolt against the
Ottomans between 1804 and 1813.
•
The revolt failed, but it increased Serbian
nationalism and led to a revival of Serbian
literature and culture.
In 1815,
Milos
Obrenovic
led a second,
successful
revolt.
The Serbians
were aided by
Russia, which
shared a similar
language and the
same Eastern
Orthodox religion.
With Russian
help, Serbia
gained
autonomy
within the
Ottoman
empire.
The Ottoman sultan later agreed to grant Serbia formal
independence. Russia would continue to play a major role in
Serbia.
The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817) was a second phase of the Serbian
revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the reannexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire, in 1813.
In 1821, Greeks revolted against
Ottoman rule.
A long, bloody struggle united
Greeks. Their leaders called the
struggle “a national war, a holy
war, a war the object of which is
to reconquer the rights of
individual liberty.”
Western powers supported
Greece, but later pressured the
Greeks to accept a German king,
showing their opposition to
revolutionary nationalism.
Revolts on the Iberian and Italian
Peninsulas
In the 1820s, revolts also occurred in Spain,
Portugal, and the Italian peninsula.
•
Metternich urged conservative rulers to crush these
uprisings. French armies suppressed a revolt in Spain.
Austrian forces did the same in Italy.
•
Despite such shows of force, calls to overthrow the old
order increased in the 1800s.
•
Socialists sought to reorganize property ownership.
Exit Slip
• Using your own words, define
the following and then provide
an example for each.
–Nation
–Nation-state
–Nationalism