Transcript Unit One: Ch.6 S.1 Notes

Unit One: Ch.6 S.1 Notes
Allah - Arabic name for God
Bedouin - desert Arabs.
Makkah - city of the Kaaba
Pilgrimage - one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Sheikh - tribal ruler
Ch.6 S.1 Cont.
Muhammad’s journey to Yathrib (Medina) is called the Hijrah.
The Five Pillars of Islam are faith, prayer, giving, fasting, and take a pilgrimage
to Makkah once in a lifetime for those who are able.
The Islamic law code was the shari’ah.
The town of Yathrib became known as the city of Madinah.
Those who practice Islam read holy scriptures called the Quran.
Unit One: Chapter 6 S.2 Notes
Abu Bakr - first caliph
Jihad - struggle in the way of god.
Shia - followers of Ali’s descendants.
Syria - Byzantine province conquered by Arabs.
Umayyad - dynasty founded by Mu’awiyah
Ch.6 S.2 Cont.
The followers of the Arab Umayyads were the Sunnis.
The Abbasid dynasty’s capital was Baghdad.
The golden age of the Abbasid caliphate was the reign of harun a-Rashid.
Independent dynasties were set up in Egypt, Spain, and Morocco.
Christian crusader forces in the kingdom of Jerusalem were destroyed by
Saladin.
Unit One: Ch.6 S.3 Notes
Abbasids - Islamic rulers of Baghdad.
Bazaar - covered market.
Cordoba - capital of Umayyad Spain.
Dowry - gift of money or property.
Fatimids - Islamic rulers of Cairo.
Ch.6 S.3 Cont.
The western extent of caravan routes was Morocco.
Devout Muslims worship Allah, live by Allah’s teachings, and follow the Quran.
The Quran allowed women to divorce, own property, and inherit property.
The custom of requiring women to dress modestly was an Arab practice.
The Arabs traded with China, the Byzantine Empire, and India.
Unit One: Ch.6 S.4 Notes
Arabesque - geometric pattern decorations.
Astrolabe - used in navigation.
House of Wisdom - Baghdad library.
Ibn Sina - wrote a medical encyclopedia.
Minaret - tower in a mosque
Ch.6 S.4 Cont.
Omar Khayyam was the author of the Rubaiyat.
Ibn-Rushd was the philosopher who studied Aristotle’s works.
Inventing algebra, improving the astrolabe, and using zero were achievements
of Islamic civilization.
Ibn-Khaldun was a famous historian.
The Arabian Nights was a collection of folktales, fables, and romances.
Unit One: Ch.15 S.1 Notes
Grand Vizier - chief official of a Sultan.
Gunpowder Empires - empires united by outside conquerors.
Harem - residence of a sultan and his wives.
Janissaries - elite guard of the Ottoman Turks.
The Ulema - Ottoman religious, legal, and educational advisors.
Ch.15 S.1 Cont.
The Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, the Balkans, and North Africa.
The Ottoman Empire preferred to administer its lands through local rulers and
pashas.
The Ottoman Empire after the death of Suleyman was hurt by a lack of training
for officials, rise of a privileged group, and cost of constant wars.
Ottoman Turk mosques were designed with domes and minarets.
Ottoman art included distinctive woven rugs.
Unit One: Ch.15 S.2
Anarchy - political disorder.
Persian - type of carpets highly prized in the West.
Religious Orthodoxy - conformity to traditional religious beliefs.
Shah - Persian king.
Shia - Islamic group to which the Safavids belonged.
The shah himself claimed to be the spiritual leader of all Islam.
Ch.15 S.2 cont.
Safavid shahs were more available to their subjects, seized landed estates, and
appointed officials based on merit.
Trade goods in the Safavid empire were carried on a road system that was fairly
safe.
Paintings by Riza-i-Abbasi characteristically had soft colors and flowing
movements.
Shah Abbas strengthened the army with the latest weapons, returned
Azerbaijan to the dynasty, and heightened intellectual freedom.
Unit One: Ch.15 S.3 Notes
Akbar Style - combined Persian-Indian motifs style of painting.
Babur - founder of Mogul dynasty in India.
Black Hole of Calcutta - underground prison used in 1756.
The East India Company - private group representing the British crown.
Taj Mahal - considered the most beautiful building in India.
Ch.15 S.3 Cont.
The Moguls in India were foreigners who were also Muslims.
By the late 18th century, Mogul prosperity was shaken by the coming of the
British.
Local, lower-ranking officials called zamindars received farm plots, kept part of
the taxes they collected, and exercised considerable power.
Babur’s forces entered India through the Khyber Pass.
The British successes in India were achieved through the military genius of Sir
Robert Clive.