Transcript Nationalism
Nationalism Nationalism • Nationalism - the desire for national independence, inspired people to unify into nations. • Let’s come up with some examples for American nationalism. American Nationalism Our love of celebrities make us morons. Manifest Destiny got Americans to reach the Pacific. 9/11 and Pearl Harbor Unites Nascar makes Americans Hairier! Nationalism Unites Other Countries The British Love of the Monarchy The Germans The French Highly Efficient Vehicles Love of fine cuisine. Bad Teeth Sausage and Sauerkraut Surrender! More of an American Stereotype against the British. Has anyone ever really seen a German restaurant? Rise of Nationalism In Europe Central Europe in 1800’s • Divided into numerous territories, kingdoms, and states. • People desired economic growth, saw America’s success and remembered Napoleon. • Wanted to form nationstates – Believed that one unified country could provide the best well being for all its’ citizens Germany in the 1800’s • The German Confederation was divided into states, with the most powerful two being Austria and Prussia. • Austria and Prussia clashed with each other • (see map in text, pg. 331) Prussia • Largest German state • Junkers were influential landowners with political power in Prussia • Appointed Otto Von Bismarck as their prime minister. Otto Von Bismarck • Prussian Junker who wanted a strong government and army to get Germany united. • Believed in “realpolitik” – The right of state to pursue own advantage by any means (war, canceling treaties) – Went to war three times to obtain objectives War Against Denmark • Accomplished two things for Bismarck – Showed Europe Prussia’s might – Caused conflict with Austria Franco-Prussian War • Bismarck lured France into a war • Many Germanic people hated Prussians and the French, due to the war people aligned with the Prussians. • By defeating France, Bismarck was able to unite all of the German states under Prussian rule • The Kaiser (emperor) took charge; Bismarck became Chief Minister of united Germany How Germany Became United • Bismarck flexed the muscle of the Prussian military (frightened other Germans) • Exiled Austria from alliances with other nations and German states • Got people to align with him by making Prussia the lesser of two evils. • Broke treaties Germany Under Bismarck’s Reign • Pro’s: – Strong industry developed – Became a military power • Con’s: – Clashed with the Catholic church – Poor working conditions, low wages, job uncertainty increased. – Socialist ideas began to creep into Germany while Bismarck was antisocialist – Bismarck wanted complete control of political affairs Austria-Hungary in 1800’s • Still in feudal system • Large peasant population • Nobility controlled all the land • Austrians and Hungarians had all of the power Location of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1913 The People of Austria-Hungary • Made up of different groups of Slavic people – Czech, Croatian, Poles, Serbs, Slovaks, Ukrainian – Made up 3/5 of population What problems probably came up? Nationalism Elsewhere Italy in 1815 • Italy was divided into independent states that were mostly ruled by foreign countries. • Due to warfare and foreign rule, many people thought of themselves not as Italians, but as belonging to their region or city (ex: Venetians, Tuscans, etc.). • Secret Italian societies desired to form a unified Italy and attempted revolutions. • The revolutions were put down but the seeds were planted. People in Russia • • • • The Russian empire contained people from 60 different nationalities There were 100 different languages spoken within the Russian empire People in control didn’t like the minorities Many Russians wanted to be more unified. Tsars resisted pressure to reform by using repression and cracking down: • Secret police, arrests, executions • Strict censorship of liberal ideas • Exiling liberals • Insisting on the absolute power of the state (no sharing of power) • Persecuting non-Russia groups within empire Unrest Within the Empire • Jews were singled out for persecution by the government. (pogromsmassacres of Jewish people) • Labor leaders, peasants, Jews and other national minorities, and the middle-class all wanted reforms to come along with the end of the autocracy. Funny Pictures What’s wrong with this picture?