Transcript European Religious Wars

European Religious Wars
Mr. Simmons
World History
French Religious Wars
► By
1560 Calvinism and Catholicism had
become militant.
► (1562-1598) French Religious Wars
► Huguenots were protestants influenced by
Calvinism.
► Monarchy was strongly Catholic, called the
ultra-Catholics
French Religious Wars
► Civil
War reigned for thirty years until 1589,
and Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot,
captured the throne.
► Henry converted to Catholicism to gain
Catholic support
► He issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598,
which made Catholicism as France’s official
religion.
Militant Catholicism
► King
Phillip of Spain, was supporter of militant
Catholicism
► Insisted on strict adherence to Catholicism and the
monarchy
► Phillip became a champion of Catholicism, he
defeated the Turks and controlled the Netherlands.
► Spain was the world’s most populous empire in
1598, but Phillip had bankrupt the country by
spending too much on war.
England under Elizabeth
► Elizabeth
attained the throne in 1558
► During her reign England became a Protestant
leader and laid ground for becoming a world
power.
► Act of Supremacy gave her supreme control over
church and state
► Elizabeth’s foreign policy wa to maintain a balance
of power between France and Spain. She did this
by supporting one and then the other.
England under Elizabeth
► Elizabeth
could not escape war with Spain
► In 1588, Spain sent the Armada (fleet of
warships) to invade England.
► Spain did not have the man power or the
ships to be victorious.
► England won the battle and the weather
took the rest of the ships.
Discussion Questions
► How
did religion play a role in the
separation of power in Europe?
► On page 433, Queen Elizabeth gave a
speech to her people what was the main
point of the speech?
Economic and Social Crisis
► Inflation
– rising prices – occurred when
there was an influx of gold from the
Americas and a shortage of land and food
as the population grew.
► Economic slowdown hit as less imports
came in from the Americas
► Population began to decline due to war,
disease, and famine causing social tension
Witchcraft
►A
witchcraft, or magic, hysteria had taken
over Europe
► More than 100,000 people were accused of
being witches
► Mostly single women were accused and
were tortured until they confessed.
► By 1650, the hysteria had stopped and
governments became stronger by stopping
witch trials.
The Thirty Years’ War
► Last
of the Religious wars
► All major European countries were involved
except for England
► Struggle b/t France and Spain for European
leadership
► Peace of Westphalia ended the war in 1648
and France emerged as dominant empire
The Thirty Years’ War
► Ended
the Holy Roman Empire
► Most destructive war to date
► New weapons – flintlock musket fitted with
a bayonet
► Led to governments supporting (more
disciplined) standing armies
► By 1700 the French had a standing army of
400,000
English Revolutions
► English
Revolution was a battle between
parliament and the king to see who would
have controlling power.
► James I believed in the “divine right of
kings” parliament wanted this power too.
► Puritans disagreed with the Anglican Church
and wanted it to be more Protestant
► Civil War broke out during the reign of
Charles the I in 1642
English Revolutions
► Cavaliers
(supporters of king) fought Roundheads
(supporters of parliament)
► Oliver Cromwell, military genius of New Model
Army, defeated the Cavaliers
► Charles was executed in 1649
► Parliament abolished the monarchy and declared a
commonwealth.
► After Cromwell's death parliament would reinstate
the monarchy but keep much of the power.
English Revolutions
►A
Catholic James the II would gain the throne in
1685. Religious conflict again brewed.
► William and Mary invaded England in what is
called the Glorious Revolution.
► Parliament passed the Bill of Rights which set up
laws and lain ground for constitutional monarchy
► Toleration Act of 1689 gave Puritans the right to
worship and ended the divine right theory of
kingship in England.
Discussion Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What causes inflation?
Did gender play a role in witch trials?
Today where is there still intense conflict
b/t Protestants and Catholics?
Why was the Execution of Charles so
horrifying in 1649?