Transcript Imperialism in Africa notes part I PowerPoint for absent kids

Imperialism
Africa
Without consulting the people of Africa, the nations of
Western Europe took control of Africa between 1870 and
1914.
I.
Why? – Reasons for imperializing Africa
A. Nationalism: increased power and prestige by
winning an overseas empire
B. Economics
1. Industry wanted new markets for products and
2. natural resources to use in the making of products
**Draw “new markets” and “natural resources” next
to “B” **
C. Humanitarian and religious concerns
1. Missionaries wanted to Christianize native peoples
2. Belief in the superiority of the white race. Westerners
believed it was the “white man’s burden” to carry the
benefits of Western Civilization to other parts of the
world
“Why” Continued
D. Social Darwinism
1. “It is natural for stronger nations to conquer weak
peoples”
Which reason for imperializing Africa is reflected in the
pictures below?
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II. “How” – The way that imperialism takes hold in Africa
A. Explorers make the public aware of economic
opportunities in Africa.
1. David Livingstone (1860s): minister from Scotland
searching for the source of the Nile River. He was
thought to be dead after no one heard from him for
a long time.
2. Sir George Goldie (1870s): Went to Africa and
established the Niger River trade. His Royal Niger
River Company was chartered by the British
government giving them political and economic
control over part of Nigeria.
“How” Continued
3. Henry Stanley: a reporter hired to go find Livingstone.
He did find him, and the result was the famous quote,
“Doctor Livingstone, I presume?” resulted. He
returned to Africa on behalf of King Leopold II of
Belgium and signed treaties with chiefs in the Congo
River Valley. Belgium then had control of those areas.
“How” Continued
B. New Technologies
1. Cures/preventions were found for malaria and other
diseases (quinine was used to protect people from
mosquito-born malaria). This meant that Europeans,
who normally got sick, could travel inland.
Malaria Distribution: 2003
Red = possible extended
distribution by 2050 (suitable
climate)
“How” Continued
2. Westerners had military advantage
a. Europeans had rifles and maxim guns
b. Africans had, at best, muskets
musket
“How” Continued
3. Easier travel because of the steam engine (could go
upstream to bases of control)
C. Internal forces
1. Huge variety of languages and cultures meant a lack
of unity. It was easy to play the countries leaders off
each other.
E.g.: “Hey, that tribal leader over there told me your
mama had a face like a horse…”
“Really?! I hate him! Let’s attack him!”
“Where” – Places Imperialized in Africa
III. “Where” -- Places Imperialized in Africa
A. North Africa
1. Egypt
a. Muhammad Ali (NOT the boxer) made Egypt into a
strong nation
1) more efficient farming
2) irrigation canals built – dry lands could be farmed
3) cash crops – exports
4) he brought in experts to set up shipyards, etc.
5) he invited the French to train his army
b. Britain gains control of Egypt, and they justify taking
over Egypt because
1) Egypt was in debt to Great Britain – Great Britain
said they needed the money
2) Great Britain said they were only protecting the
Suez Canal
“Where” Continued
2. Sudan
a. The Fashoda incident
1) Great Britain and France both began to conquer
the Sudan (Great Britain wanted a continuous strip
of territory from Cape Town to Cairo, and the
French wanted an overland route from the Red Sea
to the Atlantic). They met in the town of Fashoda
on the Nile in the northern Sudan and faced off.
France finally gave up and accepted part of the
Sahara as compensation.
2) After the Fashoda Incident, Europeans realized
the very real possibility that overseas rivalries
could drag them into war – they needed to TALK
out the issues
The British arriving in Sudan
“Where” Continued
3. Algeria
a. France attacked Algeria
b. They attacked because Charles X was in trouble at
home and they wanted to divert attention away from
what was happening in France (Charles was Louis XVI
and Louis XVIII’s brother – he was ruling France and
wanted to restore the monarchy to the way it had been
before the French Revolution).
c. Even though Charles X was kicked off the throne, the
French kept Algeria
“Where” Continued
4. Ethiopia – RESISTENCE! (remained independent)
a. Menelik II made Ethiopia strong enough to resist
Italian invasion.
1) Improved education
2) Played European powers off each other (Italians,
French, and British)
3) Let inaccurate maps and false information go to the
Italians
4) Bought modern weapons and trained his army well
5) Successfully defeated the Italians
“Where” Continued
5. Morocco
a. European nations used Morocco as a pawn in their
political maneuverings
b. Great Britain and France had an agreement: Britain got
Egypt and France got Morocco. The Germans object, and
get land in central Africa as compensation. The Spanish
and French divided Morocco into protectorates….
Morocco doesn’t get its independence until 1957.
** Off to the side in your notes, write all the European
countries that wanted power in Africa **
Destruction of Morocco by Great
Britain and France: cartoon drawn
1896
“Where” Continued
B. West Africa and the Slave Trade
1. Some African became slaves to other African people
because…
a. Prisoners of war became slaves
b. Some people sold themselves into slavery for food
and shelter during a famine
c. Some societies took slaves to increase the population
2. The Transatlantic Slave trade was different
a. Some African sold slaves to Europeans – they traded
for guns, ammunition, and manufactured goods. This
was called the slave-gun cycle
3. After slavery was outlawed, patrol ships took some
slaves to Freetown in the colony of Sierra Leone to
free them
4. Former slaves from the United States emigrated to
Liberia
200-500 Africans at a time were
transported on a slave ship.
Approximate total of slaves 1501-1866:
12,521,336