Transcript Mercantilism

CHAPTER 16
European Contact Between the rest of
the World have gone through 4 stages
1st Stage = European Discovery
2nd Stage = Exploration
3rd Stage = Initial Conquest
4th Stage = Settlement of the New World
Characteristics of European Expansion
• Growth of world trade and Rivalries
– Spain and Portugal
• Revitalize empires
– Netherlands and France
– Great Britain
• 1707
– Union of England and Scotland
• Leading maritime (navigation of sea or trading) Power
European Empires
• Fostered Trade and growth of Commerce
(business)
– Goals sparked intense rivalries and conflict in key
trouble spots
• Leads to the creation of
– Strong navies
– Naval Wars
» Anglo-Franco War = to another 100 yrs’ war
• Conflict
• Europe, America, India and West Africa
New America’s
• High Demand for slaves
• Slave based Plantation Economy
• Over three centuries (300yrs) of involvement
between
– Europeans (transported the slaves)
– White Americans (demanded the supply slaves
and purchased the slaves)
– Africa (Tribal leaders who sold or traded outcaste
members of their society)
Slave Trade Created
• Extensive Communities of Africans
– Chesapeake Region, Maryland and Virginia to South
Brazil
• Slaves brought to the Americas
– Labor Experience
– Language
– Customs
– Ethnic Association
– Africans became a big influence in Western Society
Era of Independence in the Americas.
• Eventually the 13 colonies are going to break
away from Great Britain
• South American Colonies are going to Break
away from Spain.
Imperialism
Definition = When a stronger nation takes over a
country Politically Economically and
Culturally (PEC).
Cause = Militarism
Economic Expansion
Social Darwinism
Humanitarian and Religion
• Europeans treated these new people as inferior
savage beings who were uncivilized.
3rd Stage = Late 1800s
Imperialism
• European Governments started to carve out new
colonies and land in
– Africa
– Asia
– Australia
– New Zealand
– South Africa
– Algeria
Last Stage Europe Asserted their Imperialistic powers over
much of the rest of the world
Mercantilism
• Economic Policy
• Believed in moderate growth only 4 countries
• European colonize existed for the purpose of building of
gold supplies and expanding trade for the home country
• Mother country exported (manufactured goods) more
then imported.
• Making $$$ or profit for the mother country
– Government had the right to regulate trade and commerce
– Increase countries Wealth
• Fatten the Treasure chest of a country
– War
Peace of Utrecht
• Sets boundaries of Empires first half of 18th century.
• Spain Controls
– All Of mainland South America
• Except for Brazil = Portugal
• Except for Dutch Guiana
– North American Holdings
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Florida
Mexico
California
Southwest
– Central America
– Islands = Cuba, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Eastern part of
Dominican Republic.
Spanish Empire
British Empire
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North Atlantic Seaboard
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
Bermuda
Jamaica
Barbados
Few trading Substations on the Indian
Continent
British Empire
England Mercantilism
• Unusual Idea
• Government and economic regulations should
serve private interests of individuals and
groups.
• The public needs before the state
French Empire
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Saint Lawrence River Valley
Ohio and Mississippi River Valley
West Indies of San Domingue (Modern Haiti)
Guadeloupe and Martinique
Stations in India
Stations on the West Coast of Africa
French Empire
France Mercantilism
• Puts needs of state first
• Did not see a need for union of public and
private interest for common good.
Dutch Empire
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Surinam or Dutch Guiana, in South America
Cape Colony, South Africa
Sri Lanka
Bengal in India
Controlled trade with Java in Indonesia
Opened these trade centers in the 17th
century
– Brought wealth importance
Dutch Empire
Navigation Act 1786
• Goods imported from Europe into Great Britain be
carried ONLY on BRITISH SHIPS
• By BRITISH CREW
• British colonies could only trade with their mother
country (Britain)
• Results for British
– Increase military power
– Increase private wealth
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