Transcript Diapositiva 1

British Colonialism
• Origins of british Empire (1497-1583)
• “First british Empire” (1583-1783)
• Rise of the “Second British Empire” (17831815)
• Britain’s imperial century (1815-1914)
• World wars (1914-1945)
• Decolonisation and decline (1945-1997)
• In 1496 John Cabot made
landfall on the coast of
newfoundland(mistankely
believing that he had
reached Asia like
Cristopher Columbus five
years earlier did)
• The period starts in 1578.
• The first british colonies
were created in North
America during the 17 th
century by groups of
colonists who settled there
to escape from religious
persecutions.
• In this period they also
established the English
East India Company.
• In 1607 Captain John Smith founded the
first permanent settlement in America, in
Jamestown.
• Slavery was the basis of the
British Empire in the West
Indies. Until the abolition of the
slave trade Britain was
responsable for the
transportation of 3.5 millions
African slaves to Americas
• In 1714 the British Empire was enlarged by
gaining Minorca and Gilbratar.
• Gibraltar became a critical naval base and
allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry
and exit point to the Mediterranean.
•Minorca was returned to Spain
in 1802 and Spain ceded the
Asiento to Britain.
• During the 1760s and 1770s, relations
between the 13 colonies and Britain
become more strained, because of the
resentment of British Parliament’s attempts
to govern and tax American colonists
without their consent.
• The historians define this event as the
tansactions between the “first” and the
“second” Empires.
• Tensions between the two Nations
escalated during the Napoleonic Wars, as
Britain tried to cut off American trade with
France.
• Since 1718, transportation to
American colonies has been a
penalty for the Transport, so
Britain decided to find alternative
locations: Australia and New
Zeeland.
• The Napoleonic Wars were
therefore ones in which
Britain invested large
amounts of capital and
resources to win.
• Colonies were attacked and
occupied and than in 1810
were annexed by
Napoleon.
Britain was again the
beneficiary of peace treaties.
• Britain in 1807 abolished slave
trade in the Empire.
• The slavery abolition,passed in
1833, made not just the slave
trade but slavery itself illegal.
 Between 1815 and 1914 during the imperail century the british
Empire expanded.
 Britain had a dominant
position in world trade and
controlled counties such as
China, Argentina and Siam.
• India was seen as Britain’s most important colony.
• India was also used for an opium export trade in China
• This trade helped the imbalances from the british imports of tea and
the british export of silver to China
• The end of the company was due to the tensions caused by british
attempts to westernise India and also to the India rebellion.
.
• Britain and Russia both wanted the control
of the power left by Ottoman, Persian and
Quing Chines empires.
• This period in known as
“The Great Game”
• The dutch east company has founded the
Cape colony in Africa
• Is was a station for ships travelling to and
from East Indies.
• Britain acquired the company so, british
immigration began to rise.
• The suez canal was at first oppsed by the
british but afert it was recognised.
• In 1904 the canal became neutral territory
but control was exerced by britain whose
forces occupied the area until 1954.
• The path to indipendence for the white colonies of the British Empire
began in 1839:
This began with the creation of the province of Canada, Australia and
New Zeland.
• Ireland was part of United Kingdom since 1800.
• Ireland never reach the same steps of Canada, even if Ireland try to
be indipendent.
• The important contributions of the
Dominions in the war with
Germany was recognised in 1917
by the British Prime Minister
David Lloyd George when invited
each of the Dominions Prime
Ministers to join an Imperial War
Cabinet to coordinate Imperial
Policy
• The Irish Republican Army began a
guerrilla war against the British
administration. The Anglo-Irish war
ended in 1921 with the sign of the
Anglo–Irish treaty.
• In 1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
successfully lobbied president Franklin Roosevelt
for military aid from United States. Churchill and
Roosevelt signed the Atlantc Charter in 1949.
• In December 1941 Japan launched attacs on
British Malaya, the United States naval base
at Pearl Harbor and Hong Kong.
• India’s two indipendence movements had
been fighting for indipendence for years, but
disagreed as to how it should be
implemented.
• In 1946 Attlee promise indipendence no
later than 1948 but when the urgency of the
situation and risk of civil war became
apparent to lord Mountbatten indipendence
was brought in 1947 .
• In 1951 the Conservative party
was returned to power in
Britain, under Winston
Churchill. He and the
conservatives believed that
Britain’s position has a world
power relied on the continued
existence of the Empire with
the base at the suez canal.
• The Age of the Empire gradually came to an
end.
• Nowadays, British sovereignity of overseas
territories is disputed by their geographical
neighbours.
• The English language is the primary
language of over 300millios of people.
• British colonial architecture continues to
stand in many cities that were once part of
the British Empire.
• Ball Games that were developed in
Victorian Britain (Football, cricket rugby,
tennis, golf) were exported as the
convention of diriving on the left hand side
of the road.
• British settlement of Ireland has left its mark
in the form of divided Catholic and
Protestant communities.
American neo-colonialism
• The Cold War and the "hemispheric
defense" doctrine (1940–1960)
• The Cuban Revolution and the U.S.
response (1960)
• Democratization and Washington
consensus (1980-1990)
• Democratic socialism (2000)
• The '70s and '80s saw a shift of power
towards corporations, and a polarization of
the political election systems of many of the
Latin American nations.
• Several left-wing parties have gained power
through elections.
• Left-wing governments in nations such as
Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay are
more moderate. Governments in Peru and
Colombia have closer relations with the U.S.
•Officially started in 1947 with the
Truman doctrine theorizing the
"containment" policy, the Cold War had
important consequences in Latin
America, considered by the United
States to be a full part of the Western
Bloc, called "free world", in contrast with
the Eastern Bloc, a division born with the
end of World War II and the Yalta
Conference
• The cuban revolution lead by Fidel
Castro in 1959 was one of the first
defeats of the U.S in Latin America
• After several economic reforms us trade
imposed to cuba restrictions: in fact the
usa stopped buying Cuban sugar and
this created devastanting effects on
Cuba's economy.
• Fidel Castro accused United States
because of same deathes in Cuba, the
same month there was a guerrilla force
over Castro.
• Cuba consolided trade relations with the
Sovietic Union.
• Later the US began a new plas, known
as "Cuban Project" that was a
sabotage. In plus, there were lots of
tentatives to killa Castro by US forces.
• In 1981 Ronald Reagan was elected.
The democratization of the South of
America started. Washington starded to
pursue the "war on drugs" wich
included the invasation of Panama and
than of Colombia.
• Falklands started a war against
Argentina. This changed the relations
between Washington and Buenos Aires
which had been helping Reagan.
• The political context evolved in 2000, with
the elections in lots of South American
countries.
• ·
One sign of the US setback has been
the OEA 2005 Secretary General election.
In 2003 troops of Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua joined
Spaniard forces to form The Plus Ultra Brigade
in Iraq. These Brigades dissolved in 2004,
when Spain retired his army from Iraq.
Producted by:
• Falciani Valentina,
• Debora Giuliante,
• Giulia Giudice,
• Pamela Bonomo.