Transcript africa - Lauralton Hall - Modern World History H: Period D Overview

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1800’s in Nigeria Usuman dan Fodio was the
Muslim leader of the Fulani
Called for a JIHAD - a holy war to clean out
NON MUSLIMS
ALL AFRICANS IN THE AREA ARE IN
DANGER OF GENOCIDE
Usman Dan Fodio – Islamic Leader
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Destroyed all of old ruling families – culture –
government - and he joined small kingdoms
into ONE empire in West Africa
Created the SOKOTO Empire from current day
Nigeria
Became a center of learning
ZULU
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The Zulus of South Africa were a powerful
kingdom
SHAKA was the head
of the ZULU
ZULUS
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They carried sharpened spears and had well
trained warriors
Under Shaka’s rule all men were required to
fight in the military and they did so proudly.
AFRICA
BEFORE PARTITION
 Slave
trade in Africa between
1600-1800 was mostly limited
to West Africa.
AFRICA
BEFORE PARTITION
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1787 Sierra Leone was established for Free
Slaves returning from Europe and North
America
Liberia was the first republic
It was set up for freed American slaves
AFRICA
1806-1815 Dutch lost Cape Colony to
England
 In accordance with the Congress of
Vienna
 1833 - Great Britain freed slaves and
gave rights to freed black slaves
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AFRICAN TRADE
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Trade in Africa in the 1800’s
Consisted of palm oil – ivory –
Missionaries & explorers traveled throughout
Africa
END OF SLAVE TRADE IN
ENGLAND
England
ends Slave trade
in 1807!!!!!
Frees slaves in 1833
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Mission Stations
Set up by Christian missionaries
Offered medical treatment
Education
Introduced Christianity
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Early Colonization
1652 Cape Colony on the tip of South Africa was
settled by the Dutch
Dutch East India Trading Company set up a trading
post and started to move inland
The Dutch stole land from the native Khoisan people
1659 Dutch and Khoisan fought and Dutch took more
land.
 1835-1845
Dutch settlers searched
for new territory – did not care for
British rule and the freeing of slaves.
GREAT TREK
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1835-1845 Dutch settlers searched for new
territory – did not care for British rule and the
freeing of slaves.
14,000 Dutch settlers moved north into the
interior of South Africa – Called The Great
Trek.
Created 2 new states – Orange Free State &
Transvaal Republic
AFRICA
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The French held territory in Morocco, Tunis,
Tripoli –
Today they are called
Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya
AFRICA
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The remainder of North Africa was under
Ottoman control
Population made up of Berbers, Arabs and
Muslims
AFRICA
EGYPT
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Mohammed Ali was the leader of Egypt when it was under Ottoman Rule
between 1805-1848
AFRICA
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1830 France invaded Algeria
1848 France won
1848 Tunisia and Morocco became French
protectorates
AFRICA
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CONQUEST OF AFRICA
1800’s 90% of Africa was ruled by Africans
1914 only 2 African nations Ethiopia and Liberia were independent of
European rule.
AFRICA
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BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884-1885
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12 European nations,Ottoman Empire & USA
met and decided how to best divide up Africa.
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NO AFRICAN DELEGATES!!!!
BERLIN CONFERENCE
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Conditions of the Berlin Conference
1. Free trade and free travel on both sides of
the Congo and Niger Rivers
2. Foreign powers must establish control of
any lands in order to claim land as a colony
3. Imperialist nations should not sell weapons
to Africans
Easily divided Africa
AFRICA
BELGIUM King Leopold II
1884 claimed the Congo
basin as his personal
possession.
AFRICA
BEFORE PARTITION
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Livingstone a missionary explorer discovered
Victoria Falls
Got lost in the Jungle
For 4 years
Stanley finds Livingstone
“Dr.Livingstone
I presume?”
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Why did Europe control Africa?
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1. National rivalry
2. Economic competition
3 Racism
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France wanted to control Africa from coast to
coast
Claimed land from Senegal to Algeria
1893 Timbuktu taken by France
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AFRICAN RESISTANCE
Samori Touri - Muslim gained control using
guns purchased from traders
Fought the French for 20 years
Finally captured in 1898
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Great Britain Gold Coast
Ashanti ruled the territory inland from the Gold
Coast.
Between 1824-1874 4 wars were fought with
the British
The capital was burned 2 times Kumasi
1896 British took Kumasi declared it a
protectorate
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The British demanded the
Golden Stool from the Ashanti
Ashanti captured and jailed the royal governor,
missionaries and soldiers.
British troops sent and fought a 7 month war
Guess who won?
Great Britain defeated the Sokoto Empire in 1902-03
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1875 Egypt was in financial trouble
Great Britain bought shares in the Suez Canal
Egypt eventually lost power to GB
Great Britain invaded when Egyptian
Nationalists took control over the government
in 1882 Britain got total control of Egypt
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1890 Great Britain took land that had belonged
to Germany around the area of Lake Victoria
Germany took land in East Africa
Sudan hard to conquer
Muslim leader - Mahdi defeated Fort Khartoum
remained independent until 1898
SOUTH AFRICA
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DIAMONDS 1867
British annex land that the Dutch settlers had
clamed after the Great Trek and became part
of Cape Colony
Annexed Bechuanaland
Protectorate of Basutaland to block further
expansion of Afrikaners
AFRICA
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Cecil Rhodes British imperialist wanted more
land in South Africa because he wanted more
diamonds.
Rhodesia – named after him
RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS TOO
GB claimed Transvaal from the Dutch lands
1899-1902 Dutch fought against the British in
South Africa
SOUTH AFRICA
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Called the Boer War - South African War
Fought for 3 years
Dutch used guerilla warfare
GB won
Dutch called themselves Afrikaners
British called the Dutch Boers
SOUTH AFRICAN STATES
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1. Racial inequalities built into new state
2. Property qualifications& legal exclusions
limited vote to white males only.
3. Whites owned most land and factories
4. Afrikaners & British worked closely to control
blacks.
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1910 Union of South Africa became a
Dominion of Great Britain
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Unified Dutch and British colonies
Became the Union of South Africa
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ETHIOPIA INDEPENDENT
Italy kept trying to claim the land.
1899 Melelik II granted land to Italy for trading
for arms
Italy claimed a protectorate France helped
Ethiopia fight against Italy
Ethiopia won and remained independent until
Mussolini took over Ethiopia in the 1930’s
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1875 Egypt was in financial trouble
Great Britain bought shares in the Suez Canal France
& Britain shared control of the Suez Canal
Egypt eventually lost power to GB
Great Britain invaded when Egyptian Nationalists took
control over the government in 1882 Britain got total
control of Egypt
And held it until 1950’s when Nasser took over and
tossed out the English.