Transcript World War I The Great War

World War I
The Great War
1914- 1918
1: World War I
Five Causes of World War I
A – Alliances
Triple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, AustriaHungary, & Italy
Triple Entante (Allied Powers) – France, Great Britain
and Russia
P – Propaganda to persuade public opinion
A – Arms Build Up (Weapons)
I – Imperialism by European nations
N – Nationalism – pride in one’s country
World War I
World War I
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Otto Von Bismarck
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unified Germany
watchful of France because of the Franco-Prussian
War
allied with Austria-Hungary, later joined by Italy
Kaiser Wilhelm II
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power hungry
signed a treaty with France
planned a strong navy
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Serbia
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Wanted to ally Slavic people in the
region including Bosnia &
Herzegovina
Austria was determined
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Not to lose any land they had
previously claimed
Not to allow take over
Not to allow creation of a Slavic nation
Franz Ferdinand & Wife, Sophie
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Planned a visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia
Promote good will between the people
and Austria-Hungary
World War I
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Powder Keg on the Balkan Peninsular
Political tension in the Balkans
was referred to as
The Powder Keg
World War I
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1914 – Franz Ferdinand & his wife
were on a good-will mission
to Bosnia – they were killed
Princip – a 19 year old Serbian
nationalist was the assassin
 Member of the Black Hand,
A nationalist group wanting
to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule
 Did not want to be Austrian
 Did not want alliance
with Austria-Hungary
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Murders
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Gave Austria-Hungary and excuse to punish Serbia
German offered to support Austria-Hungary
Austria sent Serbia and ultimatum
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Serbia
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Agreed to some demands
Others would be settled on the international level
Austria
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Must end all anti-Austrian activity
Must allow Austria to investigate the assassination
Rejected Serbia’s offer and declared war on Serbia
Russia mobilized troops to support Serbia
2: World War I
Alliances
Complex alliances drew most of the countries of
Europe into war.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy (Ottoman Empire &
Bulgaria)
-vsRussia, France, & *Britain (Japan, many others including
U. S.)
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Neutral
Allied Powers
Central Powers
World War I
Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s quick victory plan
 Large portion of German army would go west
to quickly defeat France
 Then quickly east to defeat Russia
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Germans decided to
take the short cut
through Belgium
World War I
Belgium A Neutral Nation
 Germany
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Belgium
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Refused to let Germany through
Great Britain, ally of Belgium, pledged support
Germany
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Demanded that troops be allowed
through Belgium
Forced their way through Belgium
Causing Great Britain to declare war on Germany
Italy pulled out because of the actions of
Germany
World War I
Western Front
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With a German victory almost certain
the French intercepted the German plan
of attack
Allies attacked the Germans north of
Paris
600 taxis were used to transport French
soldiers to the battlefield
Allies won
Schlieffen Plan failed
WHY DID THE SCHLIEFFEN
PLAN FAIL?
World War I
Trench Warfare – deep ditches from which the
battles occurred.
Troops from both sides would eat, drink, and
sleep in the trenches.
No man’s land – space between the trenches
World War I
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Advanced Weapons of WW I
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Machine Guns
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Poison Gas
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Armored Tanks
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Advanced Artillery
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Submarines
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Millions of lives were lost because of the advances in weapons.
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The Eastern Front
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Area along the German/Russian border
Russia & Serbia -vs- Germany, Austria & The Ottoman Turks
The Russian army was weakening
Although Russia had the early victories, Germany
eventually gained ground.
The Eastern and Western Fronts were not Germany’s only problems.
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Oh, the snowflakes fell in silence
Over Belleau Wood that night
For a Christmas truce had been declared
By both sides of the fight
As we lay there in our trenches
The silence broke in two
By a German soldier singing
A song that we all knew
Though I did not know the language
The song was "Silent Night"
Then I heard my buddy whisper,
"All is calm and all is bright"
Then the fear and doubt surrounded me
'Cause I'd die if I was wrong
But I stood up in my trench
And I began to sing along
Then across the frozen battlefield
Another's voice joined in
Until one by one each man became
A singer of the hymn
Then I thought that I was dreaming
For right there in my sight
Stood the German soldier
'Neath the falling flakes of white
And he raised his hand and smiled at me
As if he seemed to say
Here's hoping we both live
To see us find a better way
Then the devil's clock struck midnight
And the skies lit up again
And the battlefield where heaven stood
Was blown to hell again
But for just one fleeting moment
The answer seemed so clear
Heaven's not beyond the clouds
It's just beyond the fear
No, heaven's not beyond the clouds
It's for us to find it here
Garth Brooks - Belleau Wood
World War I
No Man’s Land
World War I
Trench Warfare
3: World War I
Global Conflict
In hopes on ending the stalemate of war
- the Allies attacked the Dardanelles
- considered the gateway to Constantinople
- called the Gallipoli Campaign
- the Allies made repeated assaults
- became a stalemate, finally the Allies gave up
With the help of the Arabs
- Allied forces took control of Baghdad, Jerusalem, &
Damascus
Other places
- Germany’s colonial possessions came under assault
World War I
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The United States Enters the War
1. unrestricted submarine warfare (Germany)
+Germany established a blockade around Britain
+promised to sink any ship,without warning near Britain
+sank British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000
people including 128 Americans
THE AMERICAN PUBLIC WAS OUTRAGED, SOME
DEMANDED THAT AMERICA ENTER THE WAR
World War I
World War I
2. Zimmermann Note
+ British intercepted a note
from the Germans to the
ambassador in Mexico,
promising to help Mexico get
back land lost to the U.S. for
Mexico’s help against the U.S.
America Declared War on
Germany- April 2, 1917
World War I
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Total War
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Devoting all of the nation’s resources to war
Rationing of goods
Limit on use of products
Women and War
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Women went to work in the factories
Worked the farms
Kept troops supplied with basic needs
World War I
Russia Withdraws From WW I
 Total loss in life was over 5 million
 Lenin insisted that Russia pull out
 Offered Germany a truce
 Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 Surrender lands that included
parts of Finland, Poland,
Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania,
& Estonia
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World War I
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AFTER RUSSIA PULLED OUT
Most German soldiers were sent to the Western Front
 Pushed within 40 miles of Paris
 Allies launched a massive counter
attack
 Second Battle of the Marne
 Allies were victorious.
 Nov. 11, 1918 an armistice
was signed
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4: World War I
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Paris Peace Conference
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Delegates from 32 nations met
Key players
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Woodrow Wilson – U. S.
George Clemenceau – France
David Lloyd George – Gr. Britain
Vittorio Orlando of Italy
World War I
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Wilson’s Plan - FOURTEEN POINTS
A plan for lasting peace in Europe
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1-4 –end to secret treaties, freedom of the
seas, free trade, and reduction in military
forces
5 – adjustment of colonial claims with
fairness to colonial people
6-13 – specific suggestion for border
changes and the creation of new nations
14 – League of Nations – international
organization to keep world peace
Self-determination – allowing the people to
decide under which type of government
they would live
World War I
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Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919
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Punishment for Germany
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Lost territory & restrictions placed on the military,
“War Guilt Clause” – Germany would take blame for the
war and be required to pay reparations to the Allies
Overseas territories would be governed by the League of
Nations until they could function independently
World War I
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The U. S. ultimately rejected the treaty
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Germany
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American’s rejected the League of Nations
Believed the best hope for peace was to stay out of the
affairs of Europe
Angry over the war guilt clause
Angry over loss of land
Other Nations
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Italy and Japan did not get the land they wanted
World War I
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LEGACY
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War of new and deadly technology
War of extreme costs
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8.5 million soldiers killed
21 million wounded
Drained the treasuries of Europe
Destroyed acres of farmland as well has homes, villages
and towns
Survivors
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Insecurity and despair
Shown in art and literature following the war
World War I Posters
World War I Posters
World War I Posters
World War I Posters
World War I Posters