Transcript Slide 1

Instructions
Anything written in yellow (SLOW down and
pay attention) is useful information. You should
write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention)
is critical information and should be copied
exactly.
Anything in green (GO on to the next point)
you do not have to write.
Questions
1. What is nationalism?
2. Why did Austria-Hungrey declare war on
Serbia?
3. Who was the president during World War 1?
4. Why were the countries of Finland, Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania able to gain
independence?
World War I
The Big Idea
World War I and the peace treaty that followed
brought tremendous change to Europe.
Main Ideas
• Rivalries in Europe led to the outbreak of World
War I.
• After a long, devastating war, the Allies claimed
victory.
• The war’s end brought great political and
territorial changes to Europe.
Main Idea 1:
Rivalries in Europe led to the outbreak
of World War I
Causes of World War I
Nationalism, or devotion and loyalty to a
country, increased in the 1800s. People across
Europe wanted their countries to become large
and powerful.
As countries grew more powerful, rivalries
began. Some countries were willing to go to
war to prove their superiority over their rivals.
Some countries strengthened their armies
and created stockpiles of new weapons to prove
their strength.
Countries also began to form alliances,
or agreements to protect each other, for added
protection from their enemies.
The Spark for War
A series of events in 1914 led to the outbreak
of World War I:
• Tensions rose between Austria-Hungary
and Serbia, both of which wanted the
territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• On June 28 a Serbian assassin shot and
killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir
to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
• Serbia turned to its ally, Russia for help.
Serbia’s other allies, Great Britain and
France, also joined the war. They were
called the Allied Powers.
• Germany joined the war on AustriaHungary’s side. Together they were known
Main Idea 2:
After a long, devastating war,
the Allies claimed victory.
The War Begins
• Germany sent troops into Belgium
and France. The Allies stopped
them outside Paris.
• Russia attacked the Central
Powers from the east, forcing
them to fight on two fronts.
Trench Warfare
• Both sides dug deep ditches along the font lines.
• Trench warfare was dangerous, both from
fighting and from hunger and disease as well.
Millions of soldiers died, and neither side gained
an advantage.
• New weapons, such as machine guns, poison
gas, and tanks, were created to fight soldiers in
trenches.
The War at Sea
• The British navy blocked supplies from
reaching Germany.
• German U-boats attacked British
ships.
The Allies Win
For three years the war was a
stalemate. In 1917, however, it
began to turn in favor of the
Allies:
The Allies Win
• German U-boats began to
attack American ships. The
United States warned
Germany to stop, but these
warnings were ignored.
The Allies Win
• As a result the United States
joined the Allied Forces.
The Allies Win
• Newly arrived American
troops gave the Allies an
advantage, though the
Russians soon dropped out
of the war.
The Allies Win
• Germany renewed its attack
on the Allies, but that attack
was stopped.
The Allies Win
• The Central Powers
surrendered in the fall of
1918.
Main Idea 3:
The war’s end brought great political and
territorial changes to Europe.
Effects of World War I
• More than 8.5 million soldiers killed
• 20 million more soldiers wounded
• Leaders of the Allied countries met at
Versailles in France to discuss the
terms for peace after the war. Their
decisions were recorded in the
Treaty of Versailles.
According to the treaty,
Germany had to:
–Accept blame for starting the war
–Reduce the size of its army and give
up its overseas colonies
–Pay billions of dollars for damages
caused during the war
Political Changes
After World War I
• Germans faced high rates of
unemployment and runaway inflation.
• It took 2 marks to equal just one dollar.
• These economic woes paved the way for a
new leader about a decade later named
Adolf Hitler.
Political Changes
After World War I
Russia
• World War I caused great
hardship for people.
• During the war a revolution
forced the czar, or emperor,
out of power.
• Vladimir Lenin took over
Russia’s government and
established Communism in
Russia.
Europe
• The German Empire was
replaced by a German
republic.
• Austria and Hungary became
separate countries.
• Poland and Czechoslovakia
gained independence.
• Yugoslavia was created.
• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and
• Communism is a political
Lithuania became
system in which the
independent.
government owns all property
and controls all aspects of