Transcript The Great War—1914-1918

Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized
nations into a devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
1. Review events of WWI by plotting the key events on a timeline –
color code Eastern Front, Western Front, Southern and rest of the
world
2. Complete page 15 – graphically organize understanding of how the
war ended with the Treaty of Versailles.
3. Compare how the Treaty of Versailles compared with the Congress
of Vienna and the lessons to be learned from the differences by
completing page 16.
4. Work with groups on storybook
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Russian mobilization
Creation of Triple Alliance
Creation of Triple entente
1st Battle of Marne
2nd Battle of Marne
Battle of Somme
Battle of Verdun
American entrance to war
Sinking of Lusitania
Zimmerman Letter uncovered
German military mutiny
Germany declares war on
Russia
Germany declares war on
France
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Gallipoli campaign
Arab revolt led by Hussein bin
Ali and his son Faisal
Abdication by Russian Czar
Lenin and Bolsheviks take over
Russia
Signing of Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Armistice
Signing of Treaty of Versailles
Italy switches sides
Ottomans and Bulgarians
surrender
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
Austria invades Serbia
Britain enters the war
Submarine warfare begins
1882 - Creation of Triple Alliance
July-Nov 1916 - Battle of Somme
1907 - Creation of Triple entente
Jan 1917 - Zimmerman Letter uncovered
June 28, 1914 - Assassination of Archduke March 15, 1917 - Abdication by Russian
Franz Ferdinand
Czar
July 28, 1914 - Austria invades Serbia
July 3, 1917 - American forces enter war
July 29, 1914 - Russian mobilization
Nov 7, 1917 - Lenin and Bolsheviks take
over Russia
Aug 1&3, 1914 Germany declares war on
Russia & France
Dec 3, 1917 - Signing of Treaty of Brest
Aug 4, 1914 – UK declares war on Germany Litovsk
May 31, 1918 - 2nd Battle of Marne
Sept 5-10, 1914 - 1st Battle of Marne
Feb 4 1915 – German submarine war begins July-Oct 1918 - German military mutiny
Nov 9, 1918 - Kaiser abdicates
Feb-Dec 1916 - Battle of Verdun
April 25, 1915 - Gallipoli campaign
Nov 11, 1918 - Armistice
May 5, 1915 - Sinking of Lusitania
May 23, 1915 - Italy switches sides
June 5, 1916 - Arab revolt led by Hussein
bin Ali and his son Faisal
Oct 30, 1918 - Ottomans and Bulgarians
surrender
June 28, 1919 - Signing of Treaty of
Versailles
 Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
 Represented by the “Big Four”
o Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States
(14 points proposal)o Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
o David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great
Britain
o Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy
 Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies
 Does this seem right?
1.
Open covenants
of peace openly arrived at
Wilson’s
guiding principles:
Lasting peace
2. 1. Freedom
of thebased
seas on
1. End to secret treaties
3.
Freedom
fromoftrade
barriers
2. Freedom
the seas
4.
Reduction
3. Free trade
of armaments
4. Reduction
in standing
militariesclaims
(end to militarism)
5.
Impartial
adjustment
of colonial
5. Adjustment of colonies
6.
Evacuation
of Russian territory and Russian self-determination
6. Self-determination
7. Creationand
of arestoration
global organization
to keep the peace (League of Nations)
7.
Evacuation
of Belgium
2. France and Britain had different concerns:
8.
Evacuation
of France and restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France
1. Their own national security against future attacks (US was protected by
9.
Readjustment
of Italian frontiers
two big oceans)
2. Weakening
German potential
forpeoples
war
10. Independent
development
for the
of Austria-Hungary
3. Punishing Germany
11.
12.
13.
14.
Readjustments in the Balkans
Independent development for the non-Turkish nationalities of the Ottoman
Empire and the opening of the Dardanelles
Restoration of an independent Poland with access to the sea and
Establishment of a general association of nations.
Treaty punished Germany
A. Excludes Germany from League of Nations
B. Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific
C. Restricted the size and activities of its military
D. Forced to accept full responsibility for the war
E. Required to pay war reparations
4. Created new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or
857)
5. Established a League of Nations, an international
organization whose goal would be to keep peace among
nations
3.
The US rejected the treaty because it did not want any foreign
entanglements –
1.
People (Senate) wanted US to stay out of European affairs
2.
Did not like League of Nations , which would connect the US
formally to the rest of the world and cause US to lose its
sovereignty
7.
The League was unable to do much without the financial and
military support of the US. Plus without the US, the other countries
believed that they could ignore the League whenever they wished
8.
The Treaty of Versailles led to:
1.
Tremendous humiliation feelings by Germans and Italians
2.
Weak economies in Italy and Germany
3.
Africans and Asians were disappointed and angry that their goals
for independence had been ignored (Wilson’s self-determination
proposal was ignored by Britain and France at Versailles)
4.
Italy and Japan very disappointed that they gained little land
concessions from the losers.
6.
 The war left 8.5 million
soldiers dead and 21 million
wounded, as well as millions of
civilians dead and wounded
 The war cost $338 billion,
destroys land and towns in
Europe and Russia, and caused
disillusionment in society, as
an entire generation of
Europeans is lost
 Treaty of Versailles would not
lead to a lasting peace, but
instead serve as a cause of
WWII