Transcript Metternich and Conservatism

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To what extent did Napoleon maintain the ideals of the French
Revolution?
To what extent did conservatism achieve its objectives in the years
between 1815 and 1849?
Describe how nationalism affected the Ottoman empire differently than
it did the Prussian empire. What do you think accounted for these
differences?
Identify and describe the events leading up to the unification of
Germany in 1871 and discuss how nationalism influenced this
development.
Discuss the factors that contributed to the rapid rise of cities during the
industrialization period of the nineteenth century. How did this
urbanization influence the realism movement in the arts? What is the
relationship between urban growth, industry, and the rise of socialism
during this period?
Metternich and Conservatism
1815-1850
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Impact of Napoleon’s Reign over Europe
Post-Revolution Reactionary Developments
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Congress of Vienna (1814)
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Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859)
Chief goals of the Congress
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Carlsbad Decrees (1819)
Concert of Europe
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legitimacy, compensation, and balance of power
Important Decisions
Reactionary Policies
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Quadruple Alliance, members and delegates
Principle of Intervention
Ideologies
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Nationalism
Liberalism
Conservatism
Nationalism
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The idea that each people has its own
genius and its own specific unity, which
manifests itself in a common language
and history. It often leads to the desire
for an independent political state.
Liberalism
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An idea centered around the concepts of
equality and liberty; liberals demanded
representative governments and equality
before the law, as well as individual
freedoms such as freedom of the press,
freedom of speech, freedom of assembly,
and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Conservatism
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A political philosophy based on strict
obedience to political authority, adherence
to organized religion, tradition, and social
stability.
Using your textbook, handouts, and any other
resources available to you, write out a detailed
description of the following events and identify their
significance to the changes taking place in early
nineteenth-century Europe.
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The Peterloo Massacre and the Six Acts of 1819
King Louis XVIII and the Charter (Restoration Period)
King Charles X and Louis Philippe (French Revolt, 1830)
The Greek Revolution (1821-1832)
The Decembrist Revolt, 1825
Belgian Revolt, 1830
Polish Revolt, 1830
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In 1825, after the death of Tsar Alexander I, there was some controversy
over who would rule Russia. Who were the candidates? Who/what were
the “Northern” and “Southern” societies and whom/what did they
support? What was this revolt called and how did it affect the new Tsar?
How did France’s King Charles X engineer his own downfall? Who was his
successor to the throne and how did he come to be Charles’ successor?
What was the name of this monarchy with a “Citizen King?”
Name some areas of repercussion of the “July Revolution.” In particular
what happened in Belgium?
History never seemed to tire of crushing the political aspirations of
Poland. Tsar Nicholas I issued the Organic Statute in response to the
Poles’ insurrection of 1830. What did the statute do to Poland?
Who was Lord Earl Grey?
Briefly describe the ministries of Grey’s predecessors, Lord Liverpool, then
Canning and Wellington.
Describe the process of “Catholic Emancipation” in Britain. Who was
Daniel O’Connell and what was his role in it? Whose ministry did the
Catholic Emancipation act bring down and how did it get passed by
Parliament?
Earl Grey is often credited with passage of the famous Reform Bill of
1832. How did this controversial legislation ever make it through
Parliament? For what did it provide? Did it effectively change the way
Great Britain was governed?
Conservatism and Attempts at Liberal Reform 1815-1848
 Great Britain, Conservatism to Reform, 1815-1850
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Tories and Whigs
 Conservative Tories, Liberal Whigs
 Post-war economic problems, unemployment, Corn Laws of 1815
 Government suspension of rights, Six Acts of 1819, Peterloo Massacre
 Whigs gained control (1830), Reform Bill of 1832
 Factory Act of 1831, Poor Law of 1834, Mines Act of 1834, 10-Hour
Act of 1847
 The Chartists, 1838-1848
 Anti-Corn Law League, repeal of the Corn Law (1846)
 Repeal of the Navigation Laws (end to mercantilism)
Conservatism and Attempts at Liberal Reform 1815-1848
 Russia and the Decembrist Revolt (1825)
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Napoleonic Wars and the Enlightenment
Alexander I (r.1801-1825)
Russian soldiers, Napoleon, and the Enlightenment
authoritarian rule, death of Alexander in 1825
Constantine (1779-1831) and Nicholas (r.1825-1855)
Decembrist Revolt (December 26, 1825), Moscow regiment
Liberal Reform in Russia?
Nicholas I and Conservative Reaction
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Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationalism
Conservatism and Attempts at Liberal Reform 1815-1848
 France and the July Revolution of 1830
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Restoration of the Bourbon Dynasty, Louis XVIII (r.1815-1824)
Constitutional Charter- limited monarchy, bicameral legislature
Charles X (r.1824-1830) and reactionary policies
July Revolution of 1830, Louis Philippe of Orléans (r.1830-1848),
Francois Guizot, bourgeoisie-controlled government
“When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold.” –Metternich
European Revolutions that Followed:
 Italy (1831-1832)
 The Germanies (1830-1833)
 Belgium (1830)
 Poland (1830-1831)
The Revolutions of 1848
Read pp.678-684 (Hunt) and pp. 710-720 (Kagan) and be
able to answer the following questions.
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What happened to France’s monarchy in 1830?
Where in Europe did the revolutions of 1848 begin?
List some of the factors that contributed to the start of
these revolutions?
Who was elected the first president of the Second
Republic of France?
List other areas where revolutions erupted in France?
To what extent were these revolutions successful or
unsuccessful?
The Crowned Heads of Europe- 1848
“Royalty in Distress”
The Revolutions of 1848
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Causes/Origins of the Revolutions
France
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Louis-Philippe, economic problems, middle class desires
to extend political rights
Constitutional Monarchy overthrown in 1848
National Assembly, universal male suffrage
national workshops for unemployed workers and worker
revolts
The Second Republic established in November 1848
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, first president
Paris, 1848
Tuileries Palace, 1848
February 23, 1848
National Assembly- May 15, 1848
A National Workshop in 1848
June Days of 1848- Paris, France
The Revolutions of 1848
The Austrian Empire
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multinational state, Hapsburg ruler
Liberalism and Nationalism
subsequent disunity and the return of conservative rule
Revolution in the Empire
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Italian States
Hungary
Bohemia
Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1848 Revolutions
The Revolutions of 1848
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Prussia and the German States
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German Confederation
middle class desire for liberal change, promises
Frankfurt Assembly
Denmark, Schleswig
and Holstein
Prussia and Frederick
William IV
German Unification?
The German National Assembly- Frankfurt, 1848
Evaluation of the 1848 Revolutions