Transcript Age of Absolutism - Dover High School

Age of Absolutism
Write the definition to the following
Vocabulary words.
• parlement (pär`ləmənt, Fr. pärləmäN`),in French history, the chief
judicial body under the ancien régime. The parlement consisted
of a number of separate chambers: the central pleading
chamber, called the Grand-Chambre;
• The Fronde (French pronunciation: [fʁɔ̃d]; 1650–1653) was a civil
war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War,
which had begun in 1635. The word fronde means sling, which
Parisian mobs used to smash the windows of supporters of Cardinal
Mazarin.
• ab·so·lut·ism (bs-ltzm)- A political theory holding that all power
should be vested in one ruler or other authority.
• Anti Absolutism- the fundamental indictment against absolutism
was its lack of human concern. Critics argued that maintaining order
by forcing or frightening people into conformity destroyed the innate
human potential for moral
judgment.
• Intendants- An administrative official serving a French,
Spanish, or Portuguese monarch.
• Junkers-was a member of the landed nobility of Prussia
and eastern Germany
• Magna Carta-is document accepted by King John of
England on June 15, 1215 which contains a series of
laws establishing the rights of English barons and major
landowners thereby limiting the authority of the King.
• Tsar- is a title used to designate certain European Slavic
monarchs or supreme rulers.The term is derived from
the Latin word Caesar, which meant "Emperor.
• Tsarina-is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch)
of Bulgaria or Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.
Please add Vocabulary to Page 10
• Depopulation-pg. 155, Autocratic-169,
Mercenaries-165, Limited Monarchy-160,
Balance of Power-152, Dissenter-155,
Edict of Nantes-148, Huguenots-148,
Armada-145, Absolute Monarch-144,
Divine Right-144, Hapsburg Empire-142
Terms
Hapsburg Empire
 Philip II
 Absolute Monarch
 Divine Right
 Armada
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FALL OF FEUDALISM Pg.17 Workbook
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The Crusades and travel during the Middle Ages
opened new trade options to England
England started to move from land based
economy to a money based economy
The Peasants Revolt - Peasants realized their
worth and demanded changes. Charters were
granted but ignored by nobles
More trade saw the growth of more towns
Nobles became weaker - the Kings took back
their lands and power
A centralized government was established
The Theory of Absolutism
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Absolute monarchy or absolutism meant that the
sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state
rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule
by divine right. Basic Elements of sovereign
power or absolute power is the authority to make
laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's
administrative system, and determine foreign
policy. These powers made a ruler sovereign or
absolute.
RISE OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
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divine right: rulers represented God's will and
therefore subjects had a religious duty to obey
Centralized Government
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Central governments evolved into nation-states
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with strict boundaries
with unified role
with permanent armies
Citizens shared:
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language
culture
national loyalty
religion (sometimes)
Basic Elements of Absolutism
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In order to achieve stability, absolutists
asserted power in practical affairs which
were key elements to the national
government and were solely in the hands
of the monarch: the military, tax
collection, and the judicial system.
What is the different between absolute
monarchy and limited monarchy?
Limited monarchy gives more power to
the people. The government has more
control.
 In an absolute monarchy, the king, queen,
or president has all of the power, and "the
people" don't get any say in what goes on,
until there is a reelection.

Absolute Monarchy vs Constitutional
Monarchy
In a absolute monarchy, the monarch
holds the supreme or absolute powers,
whereas in the constitutional monarchy,
the head of state is a hereditary or elected
monarch.
President Obama
Gaddafi
Saddam Hussein
Former President Bush
Prussia
Absolutism Map
Voyages of Early European Explorers
(1492-1522)
 The Age of Exploration or Age of Discovery
as it is sometimes called, officially began in
the early 15th century and lasted until the
17th century. The period is characterized as a
time when Europeans began exploring the
world by sea in search of trading partners,
new goods, and new trade routes.
Reasons for Exploration and Key Voyages

Many nations were looking for goods such as
silver and gold or bullions but one of the
biggest reasons for exploration was the
desire to find a new route for the spice and
silk trades.
Early Exploration
Early Exploration
Marco
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Nationality: Italian - Marco Polo was born in Venice
Also Known by the Nickname:
Lifespan: 1254-1324
Date of Birth: He was born on September 15, 1254
Family connections : He was the son of Niccolo Polo and
the nephew of Maffeo Polo
Date of Death: Marco Polo died on January 1324 in
Venice. Marco Polo was almost 70 years old
Marco Polo was buried in the Church of San Lorenzo
Polo
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Accomplishments or why Marco Polo was
famous: Marco Polo was famous for his
travels to Cathay (China) and Persia and
his work for the Kublai Khan The life
story and his autobiography was called
'The Travels of Marco Polo' or 'Il Milione'
provided inspiration for many other
explorers including Christopher
Columbus
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Reformation Test
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1)Founder of the Jesuits who drew up a strict program which included spiritual and
moral discipline:
a) Martin Luther
c) Ignatius of Loyola
b) Elizabeth I
d) Buckson II
2)The buying of “ticket to heaven” is called:
a) simony
b) compromise
c) canonize
d) indulgences
3) Great supporter of the arts and sciences who excommunicated Martin Luther
a) Pope Gregory
b) Pope Leo X
c) Alexander VI
4) In 1516, Venice ordered Jews to live in a separate quarter of the city called
a) suburban
b) ghetto
c) hotels
5) The Church wanted to strengthen itself and train its priests strictly to spread
a) Anglicanism
b) Lutheranism
c) Catholicism
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6) A favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit is called
a) Nepotism
b) Simony
c) indulgences
d) thesis
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7) How many sacraments do the Catholic observe?
a) 5
b) 10
c) 7
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8) A waiver to a religion obligation is called a
a) dispensation b) sacrament
c) simony d) indulgences
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9) Who is the head of the Catholic Church?
a) Bishops
b) Pope
c) Cardinal
10) This Pope major love was money & women:
a) Pope Gregory b) Pope Leo
c) Alexander VI
d) 8
d) Reverend
• Fill in the Blank
• Word Bank
• a) faith
b) influence
c) Germany
d) Reformation
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• Martin Luther was born in 11)____ in 1483. He
began a movement called the 12) _____. Luther
came to believe that he could win salvation by
13) __________ alone. The sale of indulgences
went down, and the church tried to stop Luther’
14) ______ in Europe.
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Matching
15) John Calvin
a) Chancellor of England; wrote Utopia; beheaded
by Henry VIII
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16) Thomas More
17) Theocracy
b) Selling of church offices
c) French theologian who established a theocracy in
Geneva
18) Simony
d) Where the state is subordinate to the church
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19) Usury
a) Society of Jesus; resisted Protestantism
20) Martin Luther
b) tried to reform the abuses of the Catholic Church
21) Council of Trent
c) Lending money for interest
22) Jesuits
d) Wrote the 95 Thesis
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True /False
23) Martin argued that indulgences had no basis in the Bible, that the pope
had no authority to release souls from purgatory.
24) The first of seven Dispensations is called Man of Innocent.
25) The Church became caught up in the worldly affairs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Matching
26) Transubstantiation
a) Leading seller of indulgences
27) Edict of Nantes
b) Henry VIII's second wife
28) Anne Boleyn
c) Bread and wine undergo a spiritual
change
29) Johann Tetzel
d) Granted Huguenots religious freedom
True / False A= True B= False
30) To finance the Pope and Rulers lavish lives the church increased fees
for services.
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______________________________ Name
Document Based Question
I cannot submit my faith either to the Pope or to the Councils, because it is
clear as day they have frequently erred and contradicted each other. Unless
therefore, I am convinced by the testimony of Scripture...I cannot and will not
retract...Here I stand, I can do no other. So help my God, Amen." 5pts
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Identify the writer of this document and give one supporting detail that validates your
response.
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Choose one of the following Essential Questions 10pts each
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What were the basic belief & ideas that drove the Swiss Reform? (Calvinism)
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Describe Martin Luther role in shaping the Protestant Reformation. (Look through the
test for clues)
Reformation Test
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Founder of the Jesuits who drew up a strict program which included spiritual and moral discipline:
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a) Martin Luther
c) Ignatius of Loyola
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b) Elizabeth I
d) Buckson II
2) The buying of “ticket to heaven” is called:
•
a) simony
b) compromise
c) canonize d) indulgences
3) Summons Luther to the diet at the City of Worms
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a) John Calvin
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b) Johann Tetzel
d) Charles V
4) Luther's attack on church indulgences was called
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a) The Ninety-Five Thesis
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b) Utopia
c) Vulgate Bible
d) Freedom of a Christian
c) Cardinal Montano
5) The Catholic Reformation or Counter Reformation in the 1500s _____
a) accepted most of Martin Luther's criticisms as valid and revised doctrine accordingly
b) employed poets and novelists such as Dante and Rabelais in order to update the Church's message
c) changed some church practices, punished corrupt officials, but did not change official church teachings
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6) In 1516, Venice ordered Jews to live in a separate quarter of the city called
•
a) suburban
b) ghetto
c) hotels
7) The Church wanted to strengthen itself and train its priests strictly to spread
•
a) Anglicanism
b) Lutheranism
c) Catholicism
8) A favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit is called
•
a) Nepotism
b) Simony c) indulgences
d) thesis
9) The Protestant Reformation in England:
a) occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about
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religious doctrine.
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b) was led by John Calvin.
c) occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany.
10) The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were
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a) stimulated by a spirit of inquiry
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b) supported by the working class
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c) encouraged by the success of the French Revolution
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Fill in the Blank
Word Banka) faith
b) influence
c) Germany
d)
Reformation
Martin Luther was born in 11)____ in 1483. He began a movement called the 12)
_____. Luther came to believe that he could win salvation by 13) __________ alone.
The sale of indulgences went down, and the church tried to stop Luther’ 14) ______
in Europe.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Choice
15) Which factor helped most to bring about the Protestant Reformation?
a) the Catholic clergy had lost faith in their religion
b) The ability of the printing press help spread idea quickly
c) Islam was attracting many converts in Western Europe
16) Which was a major result of the Reformation?
a) new Christian denominations emerged
b) religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities
c) the Crusades were organized
d) the power of the Pope was strengthened
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Matching
17) John Calvin
a) Chancellor of England; wrote Utopia; beheaded by
Henry VIII
18) Thomas More
b) Selling of church offices
19) Theocracy
c) French theologian who established a theocracy in
Geneva
20) Simony
d) Where the state is subordinate to the church
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21) Usury
a) Society of Jesus; resisted Protestantism
22) Martin Luther
b) tried to reform the abuses of the Catholic Church
23) Council of Trent
c) Lending money for interest
24) Jesuits
d) Wrote the 95 Thesis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Choice
25) Great supporter of the arts and sciences who excommunicated Martin Luther
a) Pope Gregory
b) Pope Leo X
c) Alexander VI
• Matching
• 26) Transubstantiation
a) Leading seller of
indulgences
• 27) Edict of Nantes
b) Henry VIII's
second wife
• 28) Anne Boleyn
c) Bread and wine
undergo a spiritual change
• 29) Johann Tetzel
d) Granted
Huguenots religious freedom
• True / False A= True B= False
• 30) Many Christians agreed with the selling of
indulgences
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Name_____________________________
Essential Questions 5 pts
What were the basic belief & ideas that drove the Swiss Reform?
(Calvinism)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Describe Martin Luther role in shaping the Protestant Reformation. (Look
through the test for clues)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Historic Background
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The new ideas of the Renaissance helped to spur the changing views of the Catholic
church’s authority over Europe. Many Europeans were directly affected by the failing
church order. In small, regional churches clergymen were gradually losing respect as a
result of corruption and a lack of understanding of the Christian texts. Church officials
had responsibility over too many offices as a result of simony, which furthered the belief
of their ineptitude. In 1517, the selling of indulgences by Johann Tetzel enraged Martin
Luther who would later greatly influence the Protestant Reformation in Germany.
Martin Luther became a key figure in the Reformation through the invention of the
printing press in the late 13th century. Johannes Gutenberg’s invention allowed the
distribution of Reformation papers and translated Bibles throughout Europe. This not
only affected the literacy of Europeans, but also exposed them to information, which
allowed for the success of the Protestant Reformation.
Although the Reformation is often viewed as a religious movement, it also significantly
affected the political and social spheres of Europe. Give examples from the reading that
make this statement valid. (True) 5pts
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