Transcript Weimar Republic - cloudfront.net

Chapter 13
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators
What peace treaty ended
WWI?
Europe after WWI
Treaty of Versailles
• France believed peace treaty was not
harsh enough on Germany
• Italy did not feel they gained their share for
participating in the war
Europe after WWI
Treaty of Versailles
• After the war Germany established a democratic
government, known as the Weimar Republic
• Size and scope of military limited
• Germany was forced to pay reparations, or
damages for the war
• Led to severe inflation - prices for goods
increased at a remarkable rate
The Weimar Republic
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1914:
1919:
1922:
Jan. 1923:
July 1923:
August 1923:
4 marks to $1
9 marks to $1
500 marks to $1
15,000 marks to $1
350,000 marks to $1
5,000,000 marks to $1
Highest Rate of Exchange:
11 trillion marks to $1
Hyperinflation
•Inflation wiped out the savings of the middle class
The Weimar Republic
Political opposition from:
• Far left - communist
• Far right - anti-democratic
• Germany military - Unhappy with
limitations from Treaty of Versailles
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
• Totalitarian regime- government has
control over the daily life of its citizens
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
Italy
• Benito Mussolini
• Fascism- a system of government that
stressed the glory of the state
• “Nationalism on steroids”
• Established a dictatorship- government
by a leader or group that holds
unchallenged power and authority
• Il Duce – the leader
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
Germany
• Adolf Hitler
• Nationalist Socialist (Nazi)
• Attempted coup in 1923 failed
• Thrown in jail
• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) outlining
extremist political beliefs
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
Germany
• After released from prison, tried to gain
power through peaceful means
• By 1933, the Nazis were the most
powerful party in Germany
• Hitler became Chancellor
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
Germany
• Established himself as a totalitarian dictator
• Eliminated political opponents
“Cult of Personality”
• Idea that Hitler would lead the Germany people
to greatness
• Began to rebuild German military
• Wanted “living space” for German people to
grow and prosper
Read: Program of the National
Socialist German Workers
Party
Rise of Totalitarian Leaders
Japan
• Military leaders used violence to control
the government
• Led by Hideki Tojo
• Inspired by nationalist dreams of
Japanese greatness
• Felt that Japan was limited by size of
territory, sought to expand
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
Japan
• Japanese military invaded the Chinese province
of Manchuria in 1931
- Without approval of civilian government
• Wanted land and natural resources
• Showed weakness of the civilian government
• Japanese public supported increasingly powerful
military
• League of Nations unwilling and unable to stop
Japan
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
Italy
• Italy invaded African nation of Ethiopia in
1935
• Ethiopian leader, Haile Selassie, asked
League of Nations for help
• International community unwilling to stand
against aggression
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
Spanish Civil War
• Conflict between Communist and supporters of
the Republic and Nationalists (Fascists)
• Fascist Italy and Germany sent forces and
equipment to the Nationalist, led by Francisco
Franco
• The USSR sent support to Communists
• Volunteers from the U.S. joined the republicans
• Bloody and brutal fighting
• Franco, with aid of Germany and Italy, was
victorious
• Spain became a fascist dictatorship
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
Violations of the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler rearmed German military
• Sent German troops to the Rhineland
• In 1938, forces union, or Anschluss, with
Austria
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
• Germany wanted control of the
Sudetenland
- German speaking portion of
Czechoslovakia, 1938
Totalitarian Governments and
Military Force
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British and French wanted to avoid conflict
Gave into Hitler’s request, appeasement
“Peace in our Time”
Hitler occupied the remainder of Czechoslovakia
in 1939
Chapter 13
Section 2
Beginning of WWII
• Hitler signed a
nonaggression pact
with the Soviet Union
1939
• Agreed to invade and
divide Poland
Beginning of WWII
• Germany invaded Poland in 1939
Blitzkrieg
• Lightning War
• Overwhelming combination of air attack,
and fast moving armored strikes
• Poland conquered within a month
Beginning of WWII
• As a result of invasion of Poland, France
and England declared war on Germany
- The Allies
• Allies decided not to attack Germany
• Felt secure behind a defensive barrier on
border with Germany, Maginot Line
• “Sitzkrieg”, phony War
Maginot Line
Beginning of WWII
• Germany attacked Denmark
and Norway in 1940, fell with
little resistance
• Invaded Belgium and the
Netherlands on their way to
France
- avoiding the Maginot Line
• German forces overwhelmed
the French
• France captured within a month
• Germans set up a loyal
government in Southern
France
- Vichy France
Vichy France
Beginning of WWII
• Germans turned attention to Britain
• German air force, Luftwaffe, began a
bombing campaign to prepare for invasion
• “The Blitz”
• Thousands of civilians died in the raids
• British air force (RAF) aided by radar
- Able to inflict heavy losses on Luftwaffe
• By late 1940, bombing stopped and
invasion was called off
The Blitz
Beginning of WWII
• Hitler violated nonaggression pact, June
1941
• Germany invaded the Soviet Union
Beginning of WWII
• Japanese invaded China in 1937
- Brutal fighting
- 200,000-300,000 Chinese massacred in
capitol Nanjing (Beijing)
• Japanese invaded French Indochina
(Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) 1941
• Tojo forced government to resign, took
control of the country
Alliance
• Germany and Italy
agree to alliance in
1936
• Japan joined the
alliance in 1940
- Axis Powers
Complete Map
Label “Europe 1940”