Transcript The rise of Dictators

The rise of Dictators
Main ideas
Global depression during the
1930s led to the rise of dictators
in Europe and Asia.
The rise of dictators was one of
the causes of WWII.
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Vocabulary
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Totalitarian State: Government in which a
one party dictatorship regulates every
aspect of citizens’ lives.
Dictator: Ruler who has complete control
over a government.
Fascism: A political regime where a
military dominated government controls
all aspects of society.
Adolf Hitler - Germany
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Became Chancellor of
Germany in 1932 by
promising to restore
Germany to
greatness.
Founded the Nazi
Party.
Set up a totalitarian
and a Fascist
government.
Hitler’s Policies
Anti Semitism – Hatred of the Jewish
people
- Prohibited Jews and non Nazis from
holding government jobs
Nuremberg Laws – 1935
Kristallnacht – 1938
2. Began to build up the German military,
which was a violation of the Treaty of
Versailles.
3. Began territorial expansion in 1936 by
invading Rhineland.
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Joseph Stalin - Russia
Became a
leader in the
1920s.
 Set up a
Communist and
a Totalitarian
government.
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Stalin’s Policies
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1. Used the Red Army to crush the
opposition.
2. Sent opponents to labor camps.
3. Signed a non aggression pact with
Germany in 1939.
Hideki Tojo- Japan
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Became the Prime
Minister of Japan in
1941.
Was committed to his
nation’s expansion in
the Pacific.
Set up a totalitarian
government
Policies of Japan’s military leaders
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Wanted Japan to be less dependent on foreign imports.
Planned to gain control over territories producing iron,
rubber, and timber.
1931 – Japan attacked Manchuria
1935 – Japan begins military buildup
1937 – full fledged war between Japan and China
Tojo was the most powerful government leader in Japan during WWII and
approved the attack on Pearl Harbor as well as attacks in China, South East Asia
and the Pacific.
Francisco Franco - Spain
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Became a dictator of
Spain in 1936 with
the help of Hitler and
Mussolini.
Set up a totalitarian
and a Fascist
government in Spain.
Benito Mussolini - Italy
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Established the Fascist
Party in 1921.
Marched on Rome with his followers.
Government officials, the Army and
the Police force sided with him….so
the Italian King stepped down and
appointed Mussolini the head of the
Government.
Mussolini’s Policies
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Began allying Italy with Germany.
Limited freedom of speech, arrested political opponents and
restricted voting rights.
Pledged to make Italy an imperial power.
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Invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
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Why did people support dictators?
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Promise of growth and greatness
Pride of Nationalism
Global depression
The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles and
the reparations ruined the German economy.
Hitler’s promises to restore Germany to
greatness appealed to many
Because of economic problems many people
were more inclined to support strong leaders.
What made them dictators?
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Authoritarian Rule
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Desire for expansion
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Totalitarian government
Causes of WWII
1. Rise of Dictators
2. Failure of the policy of
Appeasement
What’s appeasement?
Giving
in to the
aggressor in hopes
that he will back
away.
3. Failure of Collective Security
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Kellogg Briand Pact – signed by 62
countries.
Outlawed war as an instrument of national
policy.
Lacked enforcement mechanism. Gave
everyone a false sense of security
Nonaggression Pact between the
Soviet Union and Germany appeasement
4. Failures of the Treaty of
Versailles
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The Treaty of Versailles was flawed in that
its major purpose was to punish Germany.
Germany lost land, had to disarm and was
ordered to pay $33 billion in reparations to
the Allied powers.
RESULT? Germany’s economy suffered,
allowed Hitler to come to power.
German kids playing with money
Immediate cause of WWII
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Hitler’s invasion of Poland in September of
1939.