Transcript World War II Notes

World War II
Warm-Up
• Update Table of Contents
• Write a homework reminder about the
Glogster project & Fungi Assignment
• Signed progress reports in the basket
• Complete Terrible Choices – Situation C on
a separate piece of paper to be turned in
Date Session
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3/4
10
Activity
Overview of World War II
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12
What was the Holocaust?
• Nazi plan for a “pure race”
• Why? Hitler’s solution to Germany’s
problems
• 6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
• 5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill/physically
diasabled, homosexuals)
• Total of 11 million exterminated
• What is genocide?
– Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of
people (ethnic, religious, racial)
What Was WWII?
• Largest war in human history.
• Involved countries, colonies, and
territories around the entire world.
• By the end, over 70 million were dead.
• It lasted from 1939 until 1945
“Theaters of War” – It is important to remember that
WWII truly was a worldwide fight. The map depicts
where WWII was fought; however the 2 main “Theaters
of War” were European and the Asian Pacific
Europe
North
Africa/Mediter
ranean
Atlantic
Ocean
Asia
Pacific
3 Major Causes
• W WI and the Treaty of Versailles
• Appeasement
• Rise of Totalitarian Governments
World War I & Treaty of Versailles
Appeasement
Rise of Totalitarian Governments
Rise of Italian Fascism
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Rise of Communism in USSR (Russia)
Worldwide Economic Depressions
Japanese Expansionism (led to war with China & USSR)
Anti-communism
Militarism
Nationalism
U.S. Isolationism
Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI they were forced to accept all
of the blame for the war
They lost land to surrounding nations, had to pay
reparations (equivalent to $57 trillion today), had to
drastically disarm themselves, and all of the punishment
made them bitter and desperate
Italy was also disappointed that it was denied territory
promised by Britain and France.
British
Prime
Minister
George
1914
1919
Italian
Prime
Minister
Orlando
French Prime
Minister
Clemenceau
“Big Four”
U.S.
President
Wilson
In Germany, the economic depression caused
by the Treaty of Versailles led to unemployment
and hard times and in turn to a dramatic
increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Election date
Votes in
millions
Share
May 20, 1928
0.81
2.6%
September 14, 1930
6.41
18.3%
July 31, 1932
13.75
37.3%
November 6, 1932
11.74
33.1%
March 5, 1933
17.28
43.9%
Voting for Hitler’s party increased as
unemployment rates rose
Appeasement
Appeasement is the act of
giving in to an enemy’s
demands in hopes of
avoiding further conflict.
In 1938, Hitler demanded
that Czechoslovakia give the
Sudetenland to Germany. He
claimed that the German
population living there was
being mistreated.
The British and French
prime ministers agreed to
Hitler’s demands without
consulting Czechoslovakian
leaders, in the hopes that
this would avoid a war in
Europe.
Appeasement
• Nations were trying to prevent war/stay out
of war…it didn’t work. (Isolationism)
• Appeasement just showed Hitler that he
could do whatever he wanted.
Rise of Totalitarian
Governments
• A system in which the state and its
leader have nearly TOTAL control.
• Individual rights are not viewed as important as the
needs of the nation.
– No right to vote
– No free speech
– Government controlled economy
– Often a police state
Totalitarianism
USSR:
Communist
Dictatorship
Germany & Italy:
Fascist
Dictatorship
Japan:
Military
Dictatorship
Adolf HitlerLeader of
Germany
Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of
Japan/military leader
(under Emperor
Hirohito)
Benito Mussolini –
Fascist Dictator of Italy
Josef Stalin –
Communist
Dictator of USSR
What is Fascism?
• A totalitarian form of government with
one leader and one party - dictatorship
• Belief that the individual is less
important than the nation
• Glorifies violence, believes it is needed
to prove strength of a people
• Uses nationalism, racism & censorship
• Italy and then Germany are examples
What Did Hitler Want?
• Militarism- soon after becoming chancellor
he begins rearming Germany and moving
troops into areas that he wants breaking
the Treaty of Versailles
• Lebensraum- “living space”
– Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938
– Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia
• Given to Germany by Great Britain and France
(Appeasement)
• He basically invades Czechoslovakia and takes the
rest starting the German Occupation
–On to Poland…
Militarism
The glorification of
war, in which a nation
strengthens its military
and stockpiles weapons in
preparation for war.
An important aspect of
militarism is that the
glorification of war is
incorporated into all levels
of society, including
education of the nation’s
youth – brainwashing the
new generation
Hitler Youth group
Militaristic societies
have existed throughout
human history.
Ancient Sparta is an example of a
militaristic society
How did WWII Start?
• Germany invaded Poland – Sept. 1, 1939
• Allies declare war on Germany
• Germany occupies Denmark & Norway and
then moves on to Holland & Belgium using
“blitzkrieg” tactic to overwhelm the opponent
– Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German.
– Surround with tanks and troops in trucks.
Italy joins Axis Powers – June 11, 1940
Invasion of USSR – June 22, 1941
Main Countries on Each Side
Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
•
•
•
•
Allied Powers
Great Britain
Soviet Union
United States
France
– Surrendered to
Germany in 1940 after
6 weeks
What About the Asian Pacific
Theater of War?
• December 7, 1941 - Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii
– Two hours = most US navy destroyed and
2,000 sailors killed
– U.S. and Britain declare war on Japan
• U.S. defeats Japanese navy at the Battle of
Midway – June 1942 pushing Japan back
How Did WWII End in Europe?
• Operation Overlord - Allied invasion of
France, also called D-Day – June 6, 1944
• Germany’s last effort to fight back is the
Battle of the Bulge – December 1944
• Germany surrenders May 2 - 4, 1945 after
Hitler commits suicide
• Trials are held in Germany & Japan to try war
criminals – many are jailed & executed
• Allies divide Germany up – leads to Cold War
How Did the War End in the
Pacific?
• Fire bombing raids on Tokyo in
retaliation for bombing of Pearl Harbor –
“Doolittle Raid – April 18, 1942”
• August 6, 1945 – Atomic bomb dropped
on Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 – Atomic bomb dropped
on Nagasaki
• Japan surrenders on August 14, 1945
after US drops atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What Else?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Holocaust
Nuremburg Trials
Japanese Interment Camps in America
Women in the War – “Rosie the Riveter”
Other Leaders of WWII
Manhattan Project
Tuskegee Airmen, Navajo Code Talkers
Outcomes: NATO, Marshall Plan, United
Nations, Cold War tension, G.I. Bill
Attack on Pearl Harbor
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKoc
ksMAyvQ
• 1:21:58 – 1:44:11
Warm-Up
• Update Table of Contents from last class also
• Glogster project should be complete!
• All of the following topics today discuss important
roles and their varying perspectives on the war…
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do their perspectives
differ from one another in regards to the war?
Date Session
#
Activity
Page
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3/6
11
World War II Perspectives – Part 1
13
3/8
12
World War II Perspectives – Part 2
14
Allied Leaders
• U.S. – Roosevelt until 1945; Truman
after his death
• Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain
until 1940; Winston Churchill from 1940
• USSR – Josef Stalin
• France – Charles De Gaulle
• “The Big 3” pictured in the background
at the Yalta Conference
Women in the War
• America’s secret
weapon
• Took on factory jobs
building weapons
• Entered the
workforce and never
looked back
• Joined the Armed
Forces
• Helped build morale
on the home front
Manhattan Project
• Top-secret program set up in 1942 to
build the atomic bomb
• Led by American scientist J. Robert
Oppenheimer (influenced by German
Jew Albert Einstein)
• After successful testing Truman
warned the Japanese they would use it
if they refused to surrender – Japan
refused to surrender even after
Hiroshima was bombed
Tuskegee Airmen
• They were a unit of all black pilots that
fought in North Africa & Italy
• Crucial in helping the Allies gain
control of the Mediterranean & invade
Europe from the south
• North African allies provided access to
oil and transport routes
Navajo Code Talkers
• Navajo Indians played a major role in
victory against the Japanese
• Recruited 400 Navajo to communicate
in their language to transmit important
messages to prevent Japanese from
breaking codes
Bracero
Program
• Program were thousands of Mexicans migrated
to the United States to work at the U.S.
governments request!
• Provided the much needed labor for farms and
food production during the war
• Faced prejudice and sometimes violence such
as the “Zoot-Suit Riots” in Los Angeles when
American sailors fought the Mexican “zoot
suiters”
Japanese Interment Camps
• After the bombing of Pearl Harbor many
Americans grew suspicious of those of
Japanese ancestry
• America practically banned immigration
from Asia & Roosevelt signed an order
for the removal of Japanese from the
Pacific Coast which became known as
Japanese-American Internment
• More than 110,000 were placed in
internment camps and kept under guard
Warm-Up
• Update Table of Contents from last class also
• Glogster project should be complete!
• All of the following topics today discuss important
outcomes or after effects of the war…
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the outcomes of
the war differ depending on which side you were
on?
Date Session
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3/12
13
Activity
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15
Nuremberg Trials