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Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Cell Size and Scale Learn.Genetics Genetic Science Learning Center University of Utah Can a cell be visible to the naked human eye? http://www.desktopedia.com/bulkupload/Backgrounds/part/Humaneye.jpg YES!!! The largest single cell in the human body that can be seen without a microscope is the female oocyte. An egg is a single cell! Squid giant axons have played an important role in the history of biology because they were large and easy to work with. Scientists in the 1940's & 1950's used the squid giant axon to learn how electrical signals travel through nerve. Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of life All cells are produced by existing cells Prokaryotic Cells -lack a nucleus, but do -Bacteria, Archaea contain DNA material -Cell division by fission in an unbound region or budding called the nucleoid. -ribosomes are -cytoplasm bound by composed of only 3 plasma membrane kinds of rRNA and about 50 proteins cilia ` Eukaryotic Cells -Contain a membrane enclosed nucleus -cell division by mitosis or meiosis -nucleolus present -ribosomes composed of 5 kinds of rRNA and about 80 kinds of proteins -membrane bound cell organelles Animal Cell Nucleoplasm Nucleolus Smooth E.R (rough) Structure of the Plasma Membrane Cytoskeleton Made out of protein, helps determine the shape of cells. Also provides the framework for many cellular activities such as movement. Assists in chromosome seperation during mitosis & meiosis. Organelle Mechanics: How They Function in the Cell Image source: http://wrathofzombie.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/my-dnd-gaming-mechanics-revised/ The nucleus controls all the cell's activity, its like the brain of the cell. Image source: http://gearpatrol.com/blog/2010/03/10/nintendo-wii-classic-controller-pro/ Ribosomes are like factories for making proteins. Image source: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xAxmUAo8T04/TAnqs4qntsI/AAAAAAAA BeY/ti4GNIjT2Bo/s1600/cooling+towers+east+view.JPG The cytoplasm is jelly-like goo inside the cell that holds all the cell's parts . Image source: http://www.sogoodblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/peanut-butter-and-jelly.png Mitochondrion are the "powerhouses" of the cell. They change energy from food to energy for the cell. Image source: http://www.scrollinondubs.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/9voltBattery.jpg Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials in the cell. Lysosomes are the cell's cleanup crew. Image source: http://www.powerlineblog.com/HazMat.jpg Vacuoles are storage areas for the cell. They store water, food, waste and other materials. Image source: http://www.xpblocker.com/images/Double%20tier%203%20unit%206%20ft%20locker.jpg The cell membrane controls what materials come into and out of a cell. Image source: http://www.revolvingdoorcompany.co.uk/automatic/KA023_Revolving_Door_3_Lrg.jpg Golgi Bodies get proteins and other newly created materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, package them, and send the materials to other parts of the cell. Image source: http://dyijw76xix8sx.cloudfront.net/shared-images/shipping/fed-ex-truck.jpg The Endoplasmic Reticulum carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Image source: http://www.tri-lift.com/images/stories/forklifts/forklift.jpg ~QUIZ~ 10 9 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 List the organelle and its function.