Transcript BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology Different from predation in that the prey

BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology
Herbivory
Insect Pests in
Northern California
 Different from
predation in that the
prey usually
survives the attack
 However, herbivores
can increase the risk
of mortality
 Gypsy Moth
http://www.forestry.ubc.ca/fetch21/FRST308/lab5/lymantria_dispar/damage
2.jpg
http://www.entomology.
wisc.edu/diaglab/08hilite
/06-11.html
Why might
this be a
problem?
http://dsf.chesco.org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/cr
eaturefeature/deer_browsing.jpg
http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/diaglab/08images/gypsy%20moth%20damage.
JPG
Results of vector plot
Predicted from vector plot
http://www.sci-fi-o-rama.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/lynx_and_hare.png
Effects on Plant Fitness
Consumed by herbivore
Effects
 Leaves
 Photosynthesis and ability
 Flower
to obtain water
 Ability to move nutrients
 Ability to obtain water
 Ability to reproduce
 Sap
 Ability to obtain nutrients
 Any of the above
 Drain reserves
 Bark
 Root
http://www.orchidlady.com/assets/images/orchidFlowerAnatomy_1.gif
http://images.absoluteastronomy.com/images/topicimages/p/pl/plant_sap.gif
Effects worse on juvenile plants or
leaves
 Juveniles and new leaves have
 least amount of sclerophyll
 most easily accessible nutrients
http://www.vivioworld.co
m/images/seedling.jpg
http://www.terrain.org/a
rterrain/18/images/newl
eaves.JPG
Plant defenses
Plant Defenses
 Structural
 Hairy Leaves
 Thorns
 Secondary
Compounds
 Quantitative
inhibitors

E.g. tannins, resins
 Qualitative inhibitors

E.g. Toxins
Cyanide
Nicotine
Caffeine
Cocaine
Morphine
Mescaline
Pyrethrin
http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/05/05/18/
Plant Defenses
 Some defenses are
always present
http://www.agri.ruh.ac.lk/cinnamon/IMG_0427.JPG
 Referred to as
Gall
formation
CONSTITUTIVE
 Some defenses are
developed in
response to herbivore
http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/20
06/cat-mp.jpg
 Referred to as INDUCED
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/i
pm/icm/files/images/200704
09corn.jpg
http://rowdyrodi.wordpr
ess.com/2007/11/16/na
ture-walk/thornsthorns-thorns/