Transcript Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic vs.
Eukaryotic
Cells
All Cells Contain:
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Cell membranes
Organelles
Cytoplasm
DNA
http://www.nslc.wustl.edu/courses/Bio2960/labs/04Microscopy/allcell.jpg
Prokaryotic Cells – No Nucleus
http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg
Two Types of Prokaryotes
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
http://www.biology-blog.com/images/blogs/5-2008/Archaea-5291.jpg
http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/e.coli.jpg
http://biology.touchspin.com/images/spirillum.jpg
http://bioinfo.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/streptochains.jp
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/7webimages/84150f.jpg
Types of Eukaryotes
Cell Wall
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Plants, Bacteria and Fungi
Strong, stiff, outer layer
Supports and protects
Plant cell wall made out of
cellulose
http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2164.jpg
Cell Membrane
•Flexible outer-boundary in cells that lack a cell wall
•Semi Permeable with pores
•Barrier between cell and its environment
•Controls movement of materials into and out of the cells
Phospholipid bilayer
• Cell membrane contains
proteins, lipids and
phospholipids
• Lipids are fat and cholesterol
that do not dissolve in water
• Phospholipids contains lipids and
phosphorous
• Cell membrane has two layers of
phospholipids
• Hydrophophic “water fearing”
• Hydrophillic “water loving
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like material and
contains many
organelles
• Region between the
nucleus and cell
membrane
• Holds organelles
• Many chemical
reactions occur within
the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
• A web of proteins
in the cytoplasm
• Keeps the cell’s
membrane from
collapsing
• Helps some cells
to move
Nucleus
• All eukaryotes
have a nucleus
• Contains the cells
DNA or genetic
material
• “brain” of a cell
• Controls cells
activities
• Covered by two
membranes
Nuclear Membrane
• Skin with pores
• Protects the nucleus
and allows materials to
pass in and out
Nucleolus
• Dark, round
area inside the
nucleus
• Ribosomes are
made in the
nucleolus
Mitochondria
• Rod-shaped with
smooth outer
membrane and
folded inner
membrane
• Breaks down sugar
molecules into
energy.
• The POWERHOUSE
of the cell
• Have their own DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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System of folded
membranes in which
proteins, lipids and other
materials are made
Contains many tubes and
passageways
Transports materials such
as protein throughout the
cell
Smooth ER lacks
ribosomes. Function is to
make lipids and break
down toxic mateirals
Rough ER is covered with
ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Small round bodies that
may be attached to ER
• Produced in the
nucleolus
• Site where proteins are
made therefore like a
“factory”
• Not covered by a
membrane
Golgi Complex
• sacs are stacked
like “pancakes”
• Found near the
nucleus
• Packages and
distributes
proteins therefore
like a “mailroom”
Chloroplast
• Disk-shaped
• Contains chlorophyll
which is a green
pigment
• Site of photosynthesis
• Turns sunlight and
water into sugar for
energy
Vacuoles
• Stores food, water
and waste therefore
like a “storage tank”
• Looks like a bubble
with fluid inside
• In plants, there is
large central
vacuole
• Larger in plants
because they need
to store a lot of
food
• Smaller in animals
Vesicle
• Small sac that
surrounds material to
be moved into or out of
a cell.
• Forms from the golgi
complex’s membrane
• “bubble”
Lysosome
• “Recycler”
• Breaks down old cell
parts to be recycled
• Breaks down larger
food molecules into
smaller molecules that
can be used by the cell
• Protects cell from
foreign invaders