Transcript Cells!
Cells! Discovery Robert Hooke First observed cells in 1665 Examined a thin piece of cork Described the image like looking at little boxes. These reminded him of the small rooms in which monks lived called cells, so he called them cells Came up with Cell Theory Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of one cell or more 2. Cells are the basic units of an organism 3. Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells Two Types of Cells – Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells – -no nucleus -no organelles -small and simple Eukaryotic cells-has a nucleus -has organelles -large and complex Prokaryotes Prokaryotes have: Prokaryotic organisms are NO nucleus NO organelles Are SMALL and SIMPLE Unicellular: composed of one cell Example: BACTERIA No nucleus DNA floats around inside cell Eukaryotes Eukaryotes have Eukaryotic organisms may be either Nucleus Organelles Are large and complex Unicellular: one cell Multicellular: many cells Examples: ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS Formative Review Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes? A. No nucleus B. No organelles C. Large and complex T/F Eukaryotes have no nucleus Which of the following is not part of the cell theory A. Basic unit of life B. Come from pre-existing cells C. Are non living Levels of Organization Cell Specialization: Multicellular organisms are able to specialize which allows the cells to perform different functions For example, a cell can become a nerve cell or muscle Groups of these cells then combine to form systems: Levels of Organization CellsTissueOrganOrgan System Levels of Organization Cell: Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things Tissue: Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function that work together to perform a specific function Ex. Bone and muscle tissue Organ: Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity or function Ex. Heart, Brain Organ System: Groups of two or more organs that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Ex. Digestive System, Nervous System Parts of Animal Cells Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles: small specialized structures inside cell Mitochondria Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth Golgi apparatus Lysosome Centriole Nucleus Nucleolus Plasma (Cell) Membrane Outer boundary of cell Protects and supports cell Selectively permeable: Controls which substances enter and leave the cell Also called phospholipid bilayer Fluid Mosaic Model – the phospholipid bilayer acts more like a fluid than a solid (lipids and proteins can move laterally) Plasma Membrane - Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipids Phosphate head Two fatty acid tails (lipid) Hydrophilic: loves water (“water loving”) Interacts with water Hydrophobic: hates water (“water fearing”) Bilayer: Cell membrane is arranged in 2 layers of phospholipids Cytoplasm Cytoplasm – cell fluid Located between the cell membrane and the nucleus Contains all the organelles of the cell Mitochondria “Power house” Function: makes energy (ATP) for cell Has a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins for the cell Locations Cytoplasm Attached to the (Rough ER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Usually connected to the nuclear membrane “Rough” because it has ribosomes on it Function: Takes proteins made by ribosomes to the Golgi Apparatus or the cell membrane Transportation within cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Makes lipids sends them to the Golgi Apparatus or the cell membrane Transportation within cell Breaks down toxic substances ER acts like a highway, transporting materials to the Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus Function: modifies, sorts, and packages substances from the ER and stores or exports them Post office Lysosomes They take out the trash! Spherical Function: Digests material proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, RNA, etc. Centrioles Function: Help separate chromosomes during cell division Nucleus Function: Contains DNA Keeps DNA separate from the rest of cell Command Center of Cell Nucleolus Small dense region in the nucleus Function: where assembly of ribosomes begins. Plant Cells ONLY Have ALL of the previous organelles seen in animal cells….plus 3 more!!!!!!!! Cell Wall Chloroplasts Vacuoles Again, animal cells DO NOT have these 3! Cell Wall Stiff Outside the cell membrane Function: Helps support and protect the plant Chloroplasts Function: Site of photosynthesis – (food making) Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food). 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