Transcript File - Ms. Davis` Domain

TURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA
Unit: September 22-26
Impact of World Wars on Europe
TURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA
SPONGE:
- When you have conflicts with your
friends does it change your friendship? If
so, how?
- Why do you make changes in your life?
- Why does change always follow conflict?
TURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA
STANDARD
SS6H7 The student will describe the
cultural characteristics of Europe.
a. Describe major developments following
World War I: the Russian Revolution, the
Treaty of Versailles, world-wide
depression, and the rise of Nazism.
TURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA
Essential Question(s):
How did the Treaty of Versailles and
world-wide depression impact Europe
in the years between WWI and WWII?
How did the idea of Nazism lead to
WWII?
TURNER MS: THE BEST MIDDLE SCHOOL IN GA
I can explain how the Treaty of
Versailles and world-wide depression
impacted Europe in the years between
WWI and WWII.
I can also explain how the idea of
Nazism lead to WWII?
Activating Strategy:
• Watch and listen to the clip about Europe after World War I
and discuss the questions below.
http://www.the-map-ashistory.com/demos/tome03/index.php
• Why do you think Russia signed a treaty to get out of World
War I early? How did the map of Europe change after World
War I? How do you think these changes affected people in
Europe?
Causes of World War
"The Great War was without precedent ... never had so many
nations taken up arms at a single time. Never had the
battlefield been so vast…never had the fighting been so
gruesome..."
Causes of World War I
(Take notes on graphic organizer)
• Militarism – building up armed forces, getting
ready for war
• Alliances – agreements or promises to defend
and help another country
• Imperialism – trying to build up an empire
(powerful country that controls
several less powerful countries
• Nationalism – having pride in your country,
willing to defend it
Militarism
• There was fierce competition over land in Europe
• Armies and navies were greatly expanded. The
standing armies of France and Germany doubled in
size between 1870 and 1914.
• Naval expansion was also extremely competitive,
particularly between Germany and Great Britain.
• Russia wanted to expand its land and gain access to
warm water ports. These ports would give the
Russian navy the Mediterranean Sea
• Germany began a military buildup and increased its
navy
An agreement among people or nations to unite
for a common cause. Each member of an alliance
agrees to help the other members in case one is attacked.
Distributed
Summarizing
With a seat partner, discuss a time
in your life when an alliance (with a
friend, family member, or someone
else) has caused problems.
Imperialism
• Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign
markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by
the Industrial Revolution.
• These countries competed for economic expansion in
Africa.
• Although Britain and France resolved their differences
in Africa, several crises foreshadowing the war
involved the clash of Germany against Britain and
France in North Africa.
Nationalism
• Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own
interests over others
• In the 19th century, nationalism took the form of
people struggling for independence
• Serbia was at the center of the nationalist movement
in an area of Europe known as the Balkans
• What happened in the Balkans was a spark that
started the war.
• Serbia considered Austria-Hungary as an enemy
because Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to unite
with Serbia and create a larger Serbian state
The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary
declared war on Serbia
Because of the assignation of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand in June of 1914 by a member of a
nationalistic secret Serbian society, the emperor of
Austria-Hungary declared war of Serbia.
The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia because Russia
had a separate treaty with Serbia. Russia
supported Serbia because they were both of a
similar ethnic backgrounds.
The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Germany declared war on Russia
Since Germany had a treaty with AustriaHungary (the Triple Alliance),
Germany declared war on Russia.
The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Germany declared war on Russia
Germany declared war on France
France had a treaty with Russia (the Triple
Entente) so Germany declared war against
France.
The events that followed…
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Germany declared war on Russia
Germany declared war on France
And so the war begins!
Things changed during the war
The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente turned into these two
WWI alliances.
The Triple Alliance
plus more formed
the Central Powers
The Central powers
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
The Triple Entente
plus more formed
the Allied Powers
The Allied Powers
Russia
France
United Kingdom
Italy
United States
Statistics from WWI
Nation
Total
Number of
servicemen
in the war.
Number
of
deaths
Number
of
soldiers
wounded
Number of
men taken
prisoner or
reported
missing
Austria
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
Britain
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
11,000,000
17,737,000
4,216,058
1,152,800
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
U.S.
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500
Germany
Italy
Some of the Technological
Advances from WWI
• Tank- a heavy armored fighting vehicle carrying guns and moving on a continuous
articulated metal track.
• Aircraft-an airplane, helicopter, or other machine capable of flight.
• Machine Gun-Heavy machine gun is a term originating in World War 1 to
describe heavyweight medium machine guns and persisted into World War 2 with
Japanese Hotchkiss M1914 clones;
• Gas used as a weapon-a gaseous substance, such as chlorine, phosgene, or lewisite,
used in warfare to kill or harm. poison gas in Medicine Expand. poison gas n.
A gas or vapor used especially in chemical warfare to injure, disable, or kill upon
inhalation or contact.
• Flamethrower-a weapon that sprays out burning fuel
Distributed
Summarizing
Could World War I have been
prevented? Why or why not? Would
we have had the technological
advances without WWI?
Russia: A Background
• Nicholas II – autocratic and ineffective
• He ruled a country covering one-sixth of the earth’s
total land surface
• He had massive personal wealth
• He was backed by an army of 1 million and secret
police
• Political parties banned – critics ended up in prison
or exile
• Press was censored
Russia: A Background
• Many Russians worshipped the Tsar and peasants
typically had a picture of the Tsar on a wall of their
hut.
• His word was law
• He appointed his ministers
• But did not have to listen to them
• AND could ‘hire and fire’ them at will
• He was a true autocrat.
Russia was…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Only 40% ethnic Russians
80% were peasants – subsistence farmers
60%+ = illiterate
Life expectancy = 40
Low tech and low investment
Land ownership rare
Land owned by the Commune
It also organized taxes and allotted strips of land to
each household
Distributed
Summarizing
During the time described, Russia was
like ____________ because
_________________________.
Share your answer with a partner.
Watch the United Streaming video
clip: Russian Revolution
(Time - 9:31; the first few minutes link to previous video clips)
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?
blnPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=ac3fe43
d-f94f-494b-916e-c53c22ac7185
Russian Revolution
• Russian revolution started in 1917 and had two parts.
• The first part was the February Revolution in which the
czar (Tsar, national ruler) was overthrown.
• People were unhappy about how the czar and his
government were running the country. People were
starving while the aristocracy was living in luxury.
• People were also upset about their participation in the
war.
Russian Revolution
• The Russian army was big but poorly equipped;
the army lost battles which lowered civilian and
military morale
• The czar was seen as a poor military and
political leader while his German wife (tsarina)
was left in charge of the government and was
influenced by a man many thought was crazy
(Rasputin)
• There were not enough workers in the factories
and farms which caused shortages of food and
materials
• The railway system was weak; therefore, troops
nor towns could get supplies
Russian Revolution
• The second part of the Russian Revolution was the
October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution)
• The October Revolution was led by Vladimir Lenin
• After two years of civil war, the communist forces gained
control
• Russia became the communist country of the Soviet
Union
• Communism continued in Russia until nearly the end of
the century
Distributed
Summarizing
With a partner, discuss why the
Russian Revolution occurred and
what happened to Russia because
of the revolution. Write your answers
on the Major Developments in
Europe After WWI sheet.
The War is Over!
Leaders come together to decide the terms of
the Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty of Versailles Simulation
In small groups, students will represent a
main character from the Treaty of Versailles.
Students will simulate debates during the
signing of the treaty and make decisions
based on their character’s viewpoints.
Examining the Treaty
of Versailles
After simulating discussions from the Treaty of
Versailles, in small groups, students will
examine components of the real treaty to
determine the actual decisions that were made.
Other groups will examine Germany’s
response to the treaty.
Examining the Treaty Questions
• Which aspect of the treaty did you examine?
(political, military, reparations, or Germany’s
response)
• Those examining the treaty: Describe the types of
requirements or restrictions placed on Germany
• Those examining the treaty: How might these
requirements or restrictions impact Germany?
• Those examining Germany’s response: Do you
agree or disagree with the Treaty of Versailles?
• Those examining Germany’s response: How will
the treaty impact you and your country?
The Treaty of Versailles
(add requirements of the treaty to Major Developments sheet)
• The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI
• It forced Germany to accept responsibility for causing
the war
• It required Germany to pay reparations (payments) to
other countries for their losses and damage
• It required Germany to give up 1 million square miles
of land (size of Alaska and Texas combined) much of
which was rich in natural resources (Why does this
matter?)
• It required Germany to limit its armed forces
• The U.S. did not sign the Treaty of Versailles
Listen to the National Public Radio
story about Germany making its
last reparation payment in
September 2010.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?stor
yId=130232809
The World
After World War I
After WWI and worldwide depression
• WWI affected the European economy because nations had war
debt to repay
• Soldiers came home needing jobs, but there were not enough.
Unemployment skyrocketed.
(Listen to “Stony Broke in No Man’s Land”)
• In 1929, the stock market crash led to depression in the U.S. but
also all over the world
• Countries experienced Inflation (a condition where prices rise
and money loses value; therefore, you cannot buy as much as you
used to with the same amount of money)
After WWI and worldwide depression
• Industry, shipping, and trade between countries
were affected
• Around the world, unrest and nationalism grew,
people wanted strong leadership to make their
countries rich and powerful again
• However, the Great Depression weakened many
countries when they needed to be strong. Why is
this significant?
Image you are living in Germany after World War I. The
world is in the middle of a depression. You do not have
enough food, you do not have a job, and you do not believe
the leaders of your country can improve the situation. On
top of that, your country, the place where you were born and
have lived all of your life is being blamed and punished for
World War I.
Now, read Adolf Hitler’s speech on the Treaty of Versailles in
1923. Then, watch a video clip of Hitler delivering a speech
years later.
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=7205F2A8-797E-4971AEF4-6604694FC04E&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Why do you think the German people followed Hitler?
Rise of Nazism
• The democratic government in Germany after World
War I (Weimar Republic) faced major problems
• A political party called the Nazi Party attracted the
attention of dissatisfied Germans
• The Nazi Party’s leader, Adolf Hitler, described ideas
to strengthen Germany
• Hitler also believed that Aryans (Germans) were the
“master race”; he had racist feelings about Jews, Slavs,
gypsies, and blacks
• The Nazi Party believed in fascism (where a strong
central government is controlled by the military and
run by a dictator)
Why Nazism grew
• Nazis offered solutions for Germany’s economic
problems
• Nazis appealed to German nationalism by calling for
a larger military and an increase in German territory
(violation of Treaty of Versailles)
• Nazis united Germans against Jews by blaming them
for the problems
• Nazis assured Germans they could protect them
from enemies
• Nazis organized groups to threaten anyone who
opposed them so few spoke out
Summarizing Strategy
Imagine that you are living in Europe during the
1900s, but you have other family members living
on another continent. Write a postcard to your
relatives describing the events that you have
witnessed from 1913 to 1920. Include World War I
and its MAIN causes, the Russian Revolution,
economic depression, and the rise of Nazism.