Transcript 1920`s- 30`s- Moving Towards War

1920’s- 30’sMoving Towards War
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Japan develops industry, military. Military Dictator
takes over, wants empire. Takes Manchuria (N. China),
then E ½ of China. League of Nations does nothing
Italy invades Ethiopia, calls for help ignored
Germany ignores Treaty of Versailles, rebuilds army,
occupies Rhineland
Rome, Berlin, Tokyo Axis- military alliance
Spanish Civil War- Fascists send support defeat
democracy, practice war
Appeasement- League of Nations tries to avoid war,
US is Isolationist
Hitler starts to take land- 1939
Germany takes Austria, then Sudetenland,
 Munich Conference- Chamberlain (Britain), Hitler is only
uniting Germans, promises not to take more land
 takes all of Czechoslovakia (calls for help ignored)
 Non- aggression Pact- Soviets and Hitler (one front war)
Sept- Invasion of Poland- Blitzkrieg- Britain, France
declare war
 Soviets take land lost in WWI
 Phony war, wait for attack- (6 months)
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1940
April- Hitler takes Denmark, Norway,
May- Belguim, Holland, Netherlands
June- FRANCE (goes around Maginot line, through Ardennes)Dunkirk, French evacuation- Vichy govt, S. of France
controlled by Nazis
July
Battle of Britain, air war, Luftwaffe vs. RAF- bombing cities,
never invade, Churchill (prime minister)
Sept Italy attacks Egypt (Suez Canal) fight British back/ forth
across desert, Germany pulled in to help (General Rommel)
 Germany attacks Balkans, S.E. Europe, Hungary, Bulgaria,
Romania join Axis, others fall to Hitler
1941
June Hitler invades Soviet Union, scorched earth policy, retreat 500
miles, Germany caught in winter, Leningrad, Moscow
The US- previously Isolationism, Neutrality Acts, FDR (president
Roosevelt) supports allies. Cash/ Carry, Lend/ Lease Acts provide
supplies to allies, Meet w/ Churchill (Atlantic charter), Undeclared
Naval warfare w/ Germany, economic sanctions on Japan
Total War- factories produce war supplies, women join work force,
rationing, all supplies go to war effort, propaganda, govt control,
support for war
Tide of War Turns
1942 US bombed at Pearl Harbor by Japanese,
(Japanese want to get rid of US navy fleet in Pacific)
enters the war.
- fight and defeat Germany 1st in N. Africa
- Hitler invades USSR again, trapped by winter,
defeated at Stalingrad, USSR pushing Germany back
1943 US, Britain invades Italy, Mussolini thrown out
June 6, 1944
D-day- invasion of France, biggest
in History (Normandy, 3.5 million troops prepare)
Push through France, Belgium, Holland, Germany
(Battle of Bulge, Germans defeated)
1945 British, US, French, Soviets circle Berlin, Hitler
commits Suicide, surrender May 8.
Fighting in Pacific
1939-41 Japanese builds army, starts imperialism
Dec 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor- Attack US pacific Naval Fleet- 18 ships
sank, 350 planes, 2400 people died, 1700 wounded- War is
Declared!!
 Japan wants total control of SE Asia, wants to get rid of US pacific
fleet, wants Philippines, Guam
Dec 41-42- Japan takes Hong Kong, IndoChina, Malaya, Burma,
Thailand, Guam, Indonesia, Wake, Solomon Islands, New Guinea
(150 million people)
 Philippines, defeat US troops, Bataan Death March
1942-43
US stops them, Coral Sea, defeats them, Midway,
pushes them back, Island hopping, Douglas Macarthur
(Guadalcanal)
1944
retakes Philippines, destroys Japanese Navy, pushed
back to home islands, prepare for attack
1945
Avoid invasion death toll, drop atomic bombs,
Hiroshima, Nagasaki. War is over
Holocaust
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Anti- Semitism- Grew in Germany, Jews were
blamed for all of Germany’s problems.
1933- Nuremburg laws against Jews were passed.
Nov 9, 1938- Kristallnacht- Nazis attacked Jews on
the streets, in their homes and destroyed their
businesses. Jews rounded up, sent to camps
Hitler tries to deport Jews, no one will take them
Separates them in ghettos
Sends them to work camps, 1933-1938
Final Solution
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Genocide- systematic killing of a whole people
group
Targets poles, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled,
mentally ill, Jews
taken to isolated spots, gunned down,
concentration camps become extermination
camps, work to death, starved, sickness, shot,
hung, burned, gassed- 11 million killed, 6
million Jews