Transcript File
1800s International Affairs • Nationalism – “What we must fight for is to safeguard the existence and reproduction of our race and our people, the sustenance of our children and the purity of our blood, the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may mature for the fulfillment of the mission allotted it by the creator of the universe.” – Adolph Hitler 1800s International Affairs • Nationalism – “All of us, who are members of the Germanic peoples, can be happy and thankful that once in thousands of years fate has given us, from among the Germanic peoples, such a genius, a leader, our Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, and you should be happy to be allowed to work with us.” – Heinrich Himmler 1800s International Affairs • Nationalism – “We have only one task, to stand firm and carry on the racial struggle without mercy.” – Heinrich Himmler 5 1800s International Affairs • “The fuhrer of the Third Reich has freed the German man from his external humiliation and from the inner weakness caused by Marxism – and has returned him to the ancestral Germanic values of honor, loyalty and courage.” - Conrad Grober Road to the Second World War 1930-1932 The Nazi party begins to rise in power. The Nazis proclaim the superiority of the German “master race” and blame the Jews for the German defeat in World War I and for the troubled economy. Road to the Second World War 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor The first concentration camp First anti-Jewish law Road to the Second World War 1935 The Nuremberg Laws are passed, denying Jews citizenship for Germany and forbidding marriage between Jews and non-Jews. 1936 Germany and Italy form an alliance Road to the Second World War • • • 1938 Germany invades Austria The Munich agreement is signed Kristallnacht (Germans beat/kill Jews, burn synagogues, raid Jewish stores) Kristallnacht Road to the Second World War 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia Germany invades Poland: World War II begins (France and Great Britain declare war on Germany) Road to the Second World War 1940 Germany invades (pretty much all of Europe) Japan joins the Axis Road to the Second World War 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union The United States declares war (joins the Soviet Union and Great Britain) after Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Road to the Second World War 1942 The “Final Solution” is secretly announced at a conference of Nazi officials: Europe's Jews are to be “exterminated”. Construction of death camps begins in Poland Timeline: Before Hiding “I can remember that as early as 1932, groups of Storm Troopers came marching by singing: ‘When Jewish blood splatters from the knife.” - Otto Frank Timeline: Before Hiding “Because so many of my German countryman were turning into hordes of nationalistic, cruel, antiSemitic criminals, I had to face the consequences, and though this did hurt me deeply, I realized that Germany was not the world and I left my country forever.” - Otto Frank (Source: Cara Weiss Wilson, Dear Cara: Letters from Otto Frank.) Timeline: Before Hiding June 12, 1929 Anne Frank is born in Frankfurt, Germany. 1933 Frank family moves to Amsterdam, Holland, when Hitler comes to power in Germany. June 12, 1942 Anne receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday. July, 1942 Margot Frank gets a call to report to a transit camp. July 6, 1942 The Frank family moves into the “secret annex”. Germans in the Netherlands Identification of Dutch Jews with yellow stars and laws discriminating against them In 1942 the Germans began sending them to concentration camps Of the 140,000 Jews living there, 102,000 were exterminated by the Nazis In Europe, over 6,000,000 Jews were killed Timeline: After Hiding Aug 4, 1944 The Franks are arrested, taken to a police station, then to Westerbork, a transit camp in Holland. Oct 30, 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, are sent to Bergen-Belsen. Jan 6, 1945 Edith Frank dies of starvation in Auschwitz. Jan 7, 1945 Auschwitz is liberated. Otto Frank is the only survivor from the annex. March 1945 Margot dies of typhus in Bergen-Belsen. April 1945 Anne dies of typhus in Bergen-Belsen.