Transcript Anne Frank background powerpoint

The Diary of Anne Frank
Background Information
November 1918 to 1945
November 1918
• Allies: Britain, Italy,
France and the
United States ---Defeated Germany, in
ending World War I
Treaty of Versailles
•
The Interior of the Palace des
Glaces during the signing of Peace
Terms
•
•
Germany accepted the Treaty of
Versailles
Germany’s postwar government,
the democratic Weimar
Republic, faced the anger of
many Germans, who were
struggling financially and hated
to see Germany weakened.
Hitler’s introduction to
leadership.
• Joined army in 1914; part of his assignment was to
report on anti-government meetings. Became interested
in Nazi party.
• Only six members of the Nazi party when he joined; he
was in charge of propaganda.
• Tried to take over government in a revolt, but was caught
and imprisoned. Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while
in prision.
• An annotated version has just recently been released in
Europe (2015); includes anti-racist commentary and
clarification by the editors.
National Socialist German Worker’s
Party (Nazi Party)
• First rally in Munich,
January 23,1923
• Promoted extreme
Nationalism
• Promised to make
Germany a socialist state
• Restored German power
• Helped citizens financially
• Appealed to German
population
1929
• Stock Market crashed on Wall Street
• Anne Frank was born in Germany
Hitler gains power.
• In 1932 ran for president against Paul von Hindenburg,
but lost by a narrow margin.
• Chancellor Franz von Papen forced out because of
pressure from Hitler.
• Hitler refused to back his successor, Kurt von Schleicher.
• 1933: President Hindenburg wanted Hitler’s support;
Hitler demanded to be made Chancellor.
• Hindenburg (85 and senile) approved.
• Hitler “removed” key leaders, to be in
complete power.
• August, 1934, declares himself der
Fuhrer, combining presidency with
chancellorship.
• Totalitarian regime (no personal
freedom).
Nazi Party
• Hitler and the Nazis based their program
on extreme nationalism and racism.
• Blamed Jews and other groups for
Germany’s problems
• Believed non-Jewish Germans,- called
“Aryans” could form a master race in a
united Germany
February 1933
• Freedom of speech and assembly was suspended by
the Nazi government.
• The Reichstag building went up in flames
• The Burning of the Books in Nazi Germany, 1933:
• Museum of tolerance
• Nazi anti-Semitic legislation and propaganda against
"Non-Aryans" was a thinly disguised attack against
anyone who had Jewish parents or grandparents. Jews
felt increasingly isolated from the rest of German
society.
March-April 1933
• The Gestapo, or Secret Police, was
established by the Nazi government
• The Nazi’s declared a boycott of Jewish
businesses, medical, and legal practices.
• Law passed to exclude Non-Aryans.
– Removes Jews from government and
teaching positions
Summer of 1933
• The Frank’s decided
to move to the
Netherlands because
of increasing tensions
in Germany
•
•
"In the Netherlands, after those
experiences in Germany, it was as if
our life was restored to us. Our
children went to school and at least in
the beginning our lives proceeded
normally... In those days it was
possible for us to start over and to feel
free."
Otto Frank
• In 1934, the economy was still not balanced enough for
Germany to work on its own. In 1935, Germany ran out
of money completely primarily due to the reparations it
was still paying to the victor countries.
Fall 1935
• The Nuremberg Laws are passed defining
Jews as non-citizens
• Aryan and Jewish marriages are illegal
March 1936
• Germans move in the
Rhineland
• German’s violate the
Treaty of Versailles
Important events in 1938
• Germany annexed Austria
• Germany occupied Czechoslovakia
• - Adolf Hitler creates the Oberkommando der
Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces),
giving him direct control of the German military, and
sacks political and military leaders considered
unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies
September 1939
• Hitler invades Poland
• World War II begins
•
The statue of German religious
reformer Martin Luther in front of the
ruins of the Frauenkirche, or Church
of our Lady, in Dresden, in a March
1967 picture and a similar view of the
statue in front of the restored
building, in Feb. 2005.
Anne
• Anne Frank receives a
diary for her 13th birthday
Anne Frank
• June 12, 1942, Anne
receives her diary on her
13th birthday
• July 5, 1942 Margo
receives a call-up notice
to report for deportation
to a labor camp
• July 6, 1942, the Frank
family move to the Secret
Annex
• The Story of Anne
Frank 1929-1945
The Franks go into hiding
• Anne Frank’s Family
Dresden/Hamburg
•
The View from Above: In the war's closing weeks, allied bombers launched
an assault on Dresden, then crammed with refugees fleeing the Soviet
army. The resulting firestorm devastated the city. No one has figured how
many Germans perished in the attack, but estimates vary from 30,000 to
80,000. This is the view of Dresden from the viewpoint of the B-17
bombers. City of Dresden in renovation and Hamburg.