Transcript Treaty of Versallies – end of WWI

World War II
Why do wars occur?
Nations compete over natural
resources.
Individuals demand greater political and
economic freedom.
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We will study 3 aspects of
WWII
The war in Europe with
Germany and Italy
The war in Asia with Japan
The home front
What caused WWII in Europe?
Germany wanted back what she lost from
WWI, and revenge
Appeasement – Great Britain and France
gave Hitler land w/o fighting for it.
Hitler was racist; he invaded countries
simply to kill marginal populations –
including Jews living there.
The Great Depression affected many
countries.
Treaty of Versailles – end of WWI
The main points of the
Treaty [BRAT]
1. Germany had
to accept the
Blame for starting
the war
2.
Germany
paid Reparations
for the damage
done during the
war.
Versailles cont. .
3.
Germany
was forbidden to
have submarines
or an air
force. She could
have a navy of
only six
battleships, and
an Army of just
100,000 men.
Versailles
4.
Germany
lost Territory
(land) in
Europe (see
map).
Germany’s
colonies were
given to
Britain and
France.
Depression in 1920-30s Europe
Economy was bad in Europe
WWI killed a lot of workers and
customers
After years of humiliation and
starvation, Germans looked for
a strong leader.
NAZIs elected to power!
Nazis promised to
build up their
army and get
revenge for WWI.
This is Adolf Hitler
in 1933.
Totalitarianism
Mussolini (Italy)
Hitler (Germany)
Benito Mussolini
Dictator of Italy from
1922 until 1943,
when he was
overthrown.
He established a
repressive fascist
regime that valued
nationalism,
militarism (strict
censorship and state
propaganda)
Mussolini became a
close ally of German
dictator Adolf Hitler.
Germany late 1930s
Germany
escaped the
Depression
by
militarizing.
This is
Berlin 1936
How did it begin??
Germany is in horrible
shape after the Treaty of
Versailles.
The German people are
united by a charismatic,
military leader that
promises change.
Using propaganda, he
appealed to the economic
needs of the lower and
middle classes.
Hitler claimed nationalism,
preached anti-Semitism
and anti-communism.
With the establishment of
a restructured economy, a
rearmed military, and a
totalitarian and fascist
regime, Hitler pursued an
aggressive foreign policy
with the intention of
expanding German
Lebensraum ("living
space"),
Hitler our last hope.
Appeasement – Hitler wanted
land, Britain and France let
him have it without war
So What Was Hitler
Asking For?
Return of German Speaking Lands “Lebensraum”
•Austria - Peacefully
Annexed in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of
Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
LAND AREAS TAKEN:
1. Austria is annexed.
2. Czechoslovakia taken over.
WWII started when Hitler
invaded Poland 1939.
September 1st 1939
Operation Weiss": German troops invade Poland. German tanks thundered
across the Polish border at precisely 0445 hours, supported by Junkers Ju87
dive-bombers.
Adolf Hitler was working on the new kind of warfare "Blitzkrieg", Lightning War
that involved massive use of tanks, motorized infantry and airforce. Tactics of
Blitzkrieg designed new role for tanks, spearheads for quick penetration of enemy
territory.
At 9.00 am England and France issue an ultimatum to Germany.
INVASION OF POLAND
HITLER SIGNS NON-AGRESSION PACT WITH STALIN
•Hitler gained the time and
freedom to attack the
Countries on the Western
front knowing that his back
was covered by a Russian
nation desperately trying to
build up forces to protect
themselves. Even though
Stalin signed the pact, he
had no trust in Hitler.
•Stalin knew Hitler would
come, The Pact gave Stalin
time to prepare.
THE FALL OF FRANCE
The Maginot Line was ineffective
because Germany went around it by
going through Belgium.
The German offensive trapped 400,000
British and French soldiers on the
beaches of Dunkirk. (They had to be
rescued)
Italy invaded France from the south.
Six weeks later on June 22, 1940 the
world watched France surrender to
Hitler.
England was Hitler’s next target.
Fortress Europa
In no
time,
Germany
conquered
most of
Europe
with
tanks,
planes,
railroads.
Hitler in Paris
HITLER CONQUERS WESTERN EUROPE
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
BATTLE OF BRITIAN
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
A. Hitler had 2,000 planes at his
disposal. His goal was to gain total
control of the English skies.
B. On August 15 1,000 German planes
bombed London. Then every night
for two solid months the Germans
bombed London.
C. The British developed radar to plot
the planes paths even in dark.
D. By Sept 15,1940 the RAF shot down
over 185 German planes while at the
same time England lost only 26
aircraft. Six weeks later Hitler
called off the invasion.
English
Channel
protected
England
Britain
resisted
German
air force
HITLER INVADES RUSSIA
1. Unable to defeat the British,
Hitler turns on Russia.
2. Hitler breaks his nonaggression treaty with Stalin and
invades the city of Stalingrad.
3. The battle for Stalingrad lasted from
June 1941 to January 31, 1943.
4. The Germans lost 230,000 while the
Russian lost 1,100,000 soldiers.
Tough cold winters killed
many NAZI troops in USSR.
Russian
people are
tough! 21
million
dead, yet
no
surrender!
Invasion of Normandy, France
D-Day Invasion
INVASION OF NORMANDY
A. A force of 3 million British, American and Canadian
troops together with tons of equipment and
supplies the Allies planned the largest attack on
France. This was the largest land-sea-air operation
in army history.
B. The Allies also set up a Phantom army at Calais 150
miles away from Normandy.
C. German retaliation was brutal. The Normandy
beaches were divided into 5 sectors: Utah Beach,
Omaha Beach, Gold Beach, Juno Beach, and Sword
Beach.
D. Because of this invasion the Allies were able to
invade Europe by land. Within a month they had
landed a million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies
and 170,000 vehicles in France
E. By August 25, 1944 American troops liberated the
French capital of Paris from four years of German
occupation.
Tank!
Anti-tank weaponry
Germany’s end
Germany invaded the Soviet Union and
lost a million troops due to the cold and
Russian bravery.
Germany spent too many resources
trying to kill Jews and not supporting
his troops
Germans fought Russians in the east
and Americans and Brits in the West.
Germany surrenders May ‘45
Truman takes over
33rd President
Roosevelt dies.
VP Truman takes over
Truman's presidency
included victory over
Germany,
atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
surrender of Japan and the
end of World War II,
the founding of the United
Nations,
the Marshall Plan to rebuild
Europe, the Truman Doctrine
to contain Communism, the
beginning of the Cold War,
Hitler commits suicide
The generally accepted
cause of the death of Adolf
Hitler on April 30, 1945 is
suicide by gunshot and
cyanide poisoning.
The dual method and other
circumstances surrounding
the event encouraged
rumors that Adolf Hitler
may have survived the end
of World War II along with
speculation about what
happened to his remains
His soldiers claim that his
body was burned in the
compound that he was
held up in.
Meanwhile, in the USA. . .
•1939-1945
When?
•US involvement 1941-1945
1939
1941
1945
Sept.1 -
Sept. 3 -
Dec. 7 –
May -
Sept. -
Germany
invades
Poland
(official
start to the
war)
Britain &
France
declare
war on
Germany
Japan bombs
Pearl Harbor;
US enters the
War
Germans
Surrender
Atomic
Bombing
of
Hiroshima
&
Nagasaki,
Japanese
Surrender
US Isolationism
Americans
wanted to stay
out of Europe’s
wars.
FDR wanted to
help Britain
anyway
Why?
4. Isolationism of Major Powers
A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist?
1. Great Depression (problems at home)
2. Perceptions of WWI
a. WWI did not seem to solve much
b. People began to think that we’d got
into WWI for the wrong reasons
(greedy American businessmen!)
Why?
4. Isolationism of Major Powers
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement”
1. Appeasement: give dictators what
they want and hope that they won’t
want anything else
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of
Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia,
and continues with Hitler . . .
USA had 2 oceans to protect
them (sort of).
Lend Lease Act
FDR sent war
materials to
Britain and the
USSR.
This is a
Sherman tank
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
America enters WWII.
December 7, 1941
Roosevelt responds to the Attack
Map of the Japanese Empire at
its height in 1942.
Axis Powers
Germany and Italy declared war
immediately after Pearl Harbor.
Germany, Italy and Japan made a deal
to help each other in case one was
attacked.
Allied Powers
The Allies were the USA, Great Britain,
and the Soviet Union (USSR). These are
called the “big three.”
In addition were the colonies and
territories of these countries.
These include China, Canada, Australia,
France, Poland and others.
Axis and Allied Powers
Dark Green: Allies before the attack on Pearl Harbor
Light Green: Allied countries after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Orange: Axis Powers
Lilac: Neutral countries during WWII
USA’s contribution was
production, not blood.
People rationed goods for war
use.
VICTORY MAIL
Women in workforce
Women’s efforts during World War II
What did women
have to do in
order for the
United States to
still be a “large
player” in the
war??
Why did women
have to go and do
a “man’s job”?
Rosie the Riveter
Women in Forces
Women in the Forces
The Army was segregated,
but African Americans served.
Tuskegee Airmen
How did USA pay for this war?
Internment of Japanese
Americans
USA was afraid if
Japan were to
attack the Pacific
coast, Japanese
Americans would
help them.
The Government
ordered them to
move to camps.
Japanese Internment
Reasons:
Strong anti-Japanese prejudice on West
Coast.
False belief that Japanese Americans
were aiding the enemy.
Internment camp
Strangely, Japanese
Americans served in the Army
Meanwhile, in Asia. . .
Japan wanted China and the
USSR.
Japan is an island,
and not a big one.
They wanted more
living space and
resources for their
“superior” people.
Japan wanted oil reserves
Japan wanted more
oil to invade
China.
America
embargoed their
oil in Indonesia
Japan considered
this an act of war.
Japan joins Axis Powers
Germany was sick
of the U.S. helping
Britain with its lend
lease program.
Japan agreed to
attack Pearl Harbor
and distract the
U.S. from Europe
war.
ATTACK AT PEARL HARBOR
Battle for Midway Island
If won,
Japanese
could have
bombed
Hawaii more
from here.
Major
turning
point
Turning Point in the War- Battle of
Midway
The battle was a
crushing defeat for the
Japanese and is widely
regarded as the most
important naval battle
of World War II. The
battle permanently
weakened the Japanese
Navy.
Japan intended on
occupying midway and
being able to control
the seas.
Island Hopping – US fought to
gradually reach Japan
Battle for Iwo Jima
Island hopping
became fact of the
war with Japan.
Died: 6800 US 20000
Japanese.
This flag raising was a
serious morale boost
to soldiers on the
island.
Kamikaze attacks
Yes or NO….?
Truman struggles
with the decision
to drop the ABomb
Should the bomb
be dropped and
thousands of
innocent lives be
lost…ENDING the
war.
“The End justifies
the Means”
Why drop the Atomic Bomb?
The Japanese had shown they would
fight to the last man, woman and child.
The atomic bomb saved as many as 1
million U.S. lives, and possibly many
Japanese.
Harry Truman said he dropped the
bomb to end the war.
This plane dropped an atom
bomb on Hiroshima
Atomic bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945
Victims in Hiroshima
Japan surrenders 1945
1945: Japan signs unconditional
surrender
World War II deaths
USSR
China
Germany
Poland
U.S.
Great Britain
Japan
22 million
11 million
7 million
7 million
0.5 million
0.3 million
1.5 million