Transcript Unit 7 Notes - Henry County Schools

The
th
20
Century
Unit 7
The Boll Weevil
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What is the boll weevil? A tiny insect
that hurt Georgia and the South by
destroying cotton crops in the early
1900s.
What was the impact of the boll
weevil? It was especially devastating to
the South because farmers did not
diversify (grow more than just cotton).
Therefore, the only crop they had was
destroyed.
The Drought
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What is a drought? A drought is when
there is a lack of rain.
What impact did the drought have on
Georgia? Without rain, farmers could not
grow as much as they normally did,
causing hard times for farmers and the
region.
The Great Depression
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What was the Great Depression? It was
the worst financial crisis in US history
that lasted throughout the 1930s.
What factors caused the Great
Depression? Consumerism,
overproduction, stock market crash
Black Tuesday
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October 29th, 1929, the stock market
crashed.
Prices dropped drastically, setting off a
financial panic.
The day became known as Black
Tuesday; and is considered the start of
the Great Depression
Depression in Georgia
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Cotton prices fell
Farmers lost their land, and many
migrated north in search of work.
Large numbers of African-Americans left
Georgia in search of work, and to escape
the KKK.
The movement north was called the
Great Migration
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Often referred to as FDR
President during the Great Depression
Launched a series of government
programs called the New Deal
the New Deal programs did not end the
Depression but did provide some relief.
New Deal Programs
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Social Security Act
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Assignment:
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Create a foldable, pamphlet, mini-book,
etc. describing each New Deal Program.
Create an illustration for each New Deal
Program. Should be colored, creative,
neat.
Foldable must be error free.
Due: Thursday, Feb. 25th
Gov. Eugene Talmadge
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Governor of Georgia in 1933-1937, and
1941-1943
Opposed much of the New Deal
Helped to strengthen racism in Georgia
Reinforced the idea that the federal
government was something for white
southerner’s to fear.
World War II
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The Great Depression happened
worldwide and affected most
countries.
Germany was especially affected
because they were trying to recover
from having to pay for WWI.
They were bitter and ready for new
leadership.
Totalitarian Dictators in Europe
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A ruthless totalitarian leader named
Adolf Hitler led his party, the Nazi
Party, to power in Germany.
totalitarian dictator – is a leader
who holds all the power and does
not allow any political opposition
Hitler blamed most of Germany’s
economic problems on the Jews.
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Before Hitler’s rise to power, Benito
Mussolini, another totalitarian
dictator, seized power in Italy.
Mussolini and Hitler eventually
became allies and led Europe into
WWII.
Another totalitarian leader was Tojo
Hideki, leader of Japan.
Japan’s Aggression
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Japan grew increasingly aggressive
in the Pacific.
Japan needed natural resources and
decided to conquer territory in the
South Pacific.
Europe Goes to War
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Hitler wanted to conquer the Soviet
Union (USSR).
His plan was to first, attack France
and then Poland.
He thought France would attack him
from the west, if he attacks the
USSR
Poland was the only country
standing between Germany and the
USSR.
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In 1939, Hitler began WWII in
Europe when he attacked Poland.
The following spring he attacked
France.
Hitler attempted to attack Great
Britain, but was unsuccessful.
He later invaded the Soviet Union.
Europe was at war, however, the
US was keeping an eye on Europe
and Japan.
Roosevelt Confronts Isolationism
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Many Americans did not want to go
to war and supported isolationism.
Americans wanted the US to stay
out of the war; to stay as
“isolated” as possible.
Winston Churchill, leader of Great
Britain, begged the US for support,
but FDR did not have enough
support at home.
Lend-Lease
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FDR did, however, help the war effort in
other ways.
Under Lend-Lease, the US agreed to
send supplies and aid to any nation
whose defense was important to the
national security of the United States.
Some people did not support Lend-Lease
because they wanted the US to remain
neutral.
Pearl Harbor
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Japan wanted to expand its empire
but feared the US naval fleet at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
The Japanese launched a surprise
attack in hopes of destroying the
fleet.
On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacked
Pearl Harbor killing thousands of
US citizens.
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Germany and Italy honored a pact
with Japan and declared war on the
U.S.
After years of avoiding war, the US
now found itself in the middle of the
greatest military conflict in history;
World War II (WWII).
Georgia and the War
Georgia contributed to the war effort on
land, in the air, and on the sea.
 By the end of the war about 320,000
Georgians served in the armed forces.
 At home, many Georgians sacrificed by
recycling, growing their own food, and
helping where needed.
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Many women worked on jobs
traditionally held by men.
 Georgia’s textile industry also got a boost
as it produced goods to support the war
effort.
 Farmers would later benefit for producing
much needed food to feed the troops.
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Georgia’s military bases played a crucial
role in preparing the nation’s soldiers for
war.
 Many soldiers were trained on bases in
Georgia. These bases included:
Fort Gordon (Augusta), Fort Benning
(Columbus), and Fort Stewart (Savannah).
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Bell Aircraft
In Marietta, the federal government
established Bell Aircraft.
 Bell Aircraft produced many of the
planes the nation needed, including 600
B-29 bombers.
 Bell Aircraft went on to become
Lockheed and created jobs for many
Georgians.
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Shipyards
Many historians believe that Georgia’s
greatest military contribution to the war
was its shipyards (places where ships are
built).
 Georgia had 2 major shipyards, one
located in Savannah, and the other in
Brunswick.
 Many of the ships they built were called
Liberty Ships.
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Richard Russell
 Richard Russell served as the youngest
member of the state legislature, youngest
governor, and the youngest member of
the US Senate.
 He supported FDR’s New Deal
programs
 Russell was one of the first officials to
argue that the US needed military bases
in foreign territories for our national
security.
Carl Vinson
 Elected to the House of Representatives
in 1914, and served over 50 years;
longer than any congressman in US
history at the time.
 Served on the House Naval Affairs
Committee where he was nicknamed “the
father of the two-ocean navy”.
 Long before the attack on Pearl Harbor,
Vinson argued for a stronger navy.
Richard Russell
and
Carl Vinson
 Both provided strong leadership in
Washington as well as Georgia.
 Each used his influence to direct as
much war-time industry to Georgia as
possible.
 Their efforts strengthened the nation’s
military, and helped the state to recover
from the Great Depression.
Victory and Aftermath of War
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In June 1944, Allied troops successfully
invaded France
The Soviet Union (USSR) kept attacking
Germany from the east.
Hitler committed suicide once he realized he
could not win.
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On May 8, 1945, the US celebrated V-E Day
(Victory in Europe Day)
About 3 months later, Japan surrendered after
the US dropped the world’s first atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
World War II was over
The Holocaust
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The world did not get the complete story about
the Holocaust (complete or great destruction)
until the end of the war.
Hitler’s Nazi government orchastrated the
mass murder of more than 6 million Jews and
other people they felt were unfit to live.
Many Jews were forced to live in
concentration camps where many were
murdered.
The Effects of the Holocaust in
Georgia
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Many Jewish families immigrated to Georgia
in the late 1800s and early 20th century.
Atlanta grew to include a large Jewish
community.
Although many sympathized with plight of the
Jews, others were fearful; causing antiSemitism (prejudice against Jews) and support
for a Jewish homeland.
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Many Jewish Georgians were thrilled when
the United Nations formally recognized the
nation of Israel as a Jewish state in 1948.
This recognition sparks controversy even
today and has resulted in conflicts in the part
of the world know as the Middle East.
Farewell to FDR
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the only
president in US history to serve more than
2 terms in office.
 As a young he contracted polio and was
confined to a wheelchair for the rest of his
life.
 Before he became president, he learned
about Warm Springs (located in
Meriwether County, GA).
 Warm Springs had natural pools of warm
water that helped to relieve some of the
affects of polio.
 In 1932, FDR built a home there called the
Little White House.
 On April 12, 1945 FDR died while
vacationing in Warm Springs.
 He was known as a friend to Georgians.