Transcript Presentation

America and Georgia in World War II
1938–1945
World War II erupts,
and America is
drawn into the
conflict. Georgia and
the rest of the nation
mobilize to fight and
win the war.
Buying war bonds was one way
Americans at home helped to fight
World War II.
NEXT
America and Georgia in World War II
1938–1945
SECTION 1
The War Begins
SECTION 2
Fighting the War
SECTION 3
Georgia’s Contribution to the War
SECTION 4
The Impact of the War at Home
NEXT
Section 1
The War Begins
In 1941, the United States is drawn into
another world war.
NEXT
SECTION
1
The War Begins
The Rise of Dictators
Italy
• Benito Mussolini Italy’s prime minister by 1922,
starts fascism
• Fascism—political movement in which
government controls society
- fascism’s extreme nationalism leads to racism
- fascism oppresses critics, emphasizes supreme
ruler, military might
• Italy invades Libya, attacks Ethiopia in 1935
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
Rise of Dictators
Germany
• Adolf Hitler, another fascist leader, rises to
power in 1933
• Nazi Party is Hitler’s political organization
• Hitler promises to strengthen Germany’s
economy and military
- heavy war damage payments from World War I
weaken Germany
• Hitler stops all payments, builds military
• Hitler invades Rhineland in 1935; France and
allies do nothing
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
Rise of Dictators
Japan
• Japan occupies Manchuria in 1931, U.S.
condemns action
• Japan, Germany, Italy ally in 1940
• U.S. blocks steel to Japan, freezes assets of
Japanese companies
• Hideki Tojo, Japan’s prime minister, wants U.S.
out of Pacific
Opposing Forces
• Germany, Italy, Japan called Axis Powers
• Great Britain, France oppose them; form Allied Powers
NEXT
SECTION
1
War Begins in Europe
Germany Invades Poland
• Allies unwilling to use force to stop Hitler from
taking more land
- try diplomacy instead; ask Hitler to stop taking
territory
• Hitler breaks promises, invades Poland,
September 1939
The Allies Join the War
• Britain, France declare war on Germany, hope
Soviet Union will help
• Soviet leader Josef Stalin, Hitler split Poland in
secret deal
• Germany invades more countries, conquers
France in June, 1940
Map
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued War
Begins in Europe
The Battle of Britain
• After France, Hitler launches Battle of Britain
• German air force tries to defeat Great Britain by
heavy bombing
• Britain withstands bombing, but supplies scarce;
needs help
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
• Hitler launches surprise invasion of Soviet Union, June
1941
• Soviets defend Moscow, Leningrad in long, bloody
campaigns
• Soviets switch to Allied side, lose 1 million people by
1944
NEXT
SECTION
1
The United States Reacts
Isolationism
• Many believe U.S. involvement in World War I
was mistake
• Most Americans favor isolationism—staying out
of Europe’s affairs
• Franklin D. Roosevelt, Congress pass Neutrality
Acts from 1935–1937
- designed to prevent involvement, forbids
lending to warring nations
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
United States Reacts
Lend-Lease Act
• Americans eventually realize Hitler’s threat;
cannot remain neutral
• Lend-Lease Act of 1941 lets Roosevelt lend
allies military supplies
• By war’s end, Lend-Lease program supplies $50
billion in material
• German U-boats sink American supply ships
crossing Atlantic
• Roosevelt gives “shoot on sight” order; U.S.
unofficially at war
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
United States Reacts
Attack on Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941, Japan attacks naval base at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• U.S. Pacific Fleet stationed there; 2,300 killed, 19
ships destroyed
Image
A Declaration of War
• Congress declares war on Japan one day after Pearl
Harbor
• Only one vote against war, by Jeannette Rankin of
Montana
• Americans eager to respond to attack and to fight
Germany
NEXT
Section 2
Fighting the War
The United States mobilizes its military and
successfully defeats its enemies on two
fronts.
NEXT
SECTION
2
Fighting the War
The United States Prepares for War
Deciding Where to Fight
• U.S. military small in early 1942; unprepared to
fight a world war
• Roosevelt asks businesses to produce military
equipment
• U.S. must decide where to enter war; Navy needs
months to rebuild
• If Great Britain surrenders, U.S. will have trouble
entering Europe
• U.S. leaders decide to enter Europe first, wait to
fight in Pacific
NEXT
SECTION
2
The European Theater
North Africa and Italy
• U.S. doesn’t want to risk early invasion of Europe
• American troops land in North Africa, 1942, fight
Italians, Germans
• Allies drive Axis from Africa; attack Italy, 1943;
Italy surrenders
• Allies use Italy as base to bomb Germany,
prepare major invasion
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued The
European Theater
D-Day
• Largest armada in history approaches France on
D-Day, June 6, 1944
• Over 600 ships, 175,000 soldiers land on
northwest coast of France
- meet great resistance, many killed
• Allies move through France, free Paris, in
Germany by February 1945
• Allies push toward Berlin; Soviets enter Berlin
first
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued The
European Theater
D-Day
• Roosevelt dies April 12, 1945, Harry Truman
becomes president
- by then Allies are close to Hitler, but he kills
himself on April 30
• Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945, V-E Day
(Victory in Europe)
• Truman turns attention to war in Pacific
NEXT
SECTION
2
Liberating the Concentration Camps
The Holocaust
• Hitler wants to “purify” German race, remove
Jews from Europe
- also wants to eliminate homosexuals, gypsies,
many with disabilities
• “Final Solution”—imprison them in concentration
camps and kill them
• Allies liberate concentration camps, over 6 million
Jews killed in camps
• Estimated 11 million perish in camps over 6 years
- atrocity known as the Holocaust
NEXT
SECTION
2
The Pacific Theater
“Island Hopping"
• Pacific strategy: take islands gradually, “island
hopping” to Japan
• U.S. hops toward Philippines, Japan from May
1942 to June 1945
- also bombs cities, factories, facilities in Japan
• U.S. invasion of Japan would take hundreds of
thousands of men
- Allied leaders wonder if invasion would
succeed
• U.S. considers using new bomb, Truman warns
Japan to surrender
Map
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued The
Pacific Theater
The Atomic Bomb
• Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan,
August 6, 1945
• Truman demands immediate surrender, warns of
second bomb attack
• Japan refuses, second bomb falls on Nagasaki
three days later
• Bombs kill over 110,000 immediately, radiation
kills 100,000 later
• Second bomb ends war almost immediately
NEXT
SECTION
2
The War Ends
The War’s Impact
• Japan stops fighting August 14, 1945, V-J Day
(victory in Japan)
- official surrender on September 2
• More death, destruction in World War II than in
any other war
• 20 million soldiers killed, millions of civilians also
dead
• Orphans, refugees, concentration camp survivors
must rebuild lives
NEXT
Section 3
Georgia’s Contribution
to the War
Georgia plays a critical role in preparing the
United States military for war.
NEXT
SECTION
3
Georgia’s Contribution to the War
The Nation and Georgia Mobilize
National Mobilization
• Selective Training and Service Act passes in 1940
- calls 10 million Americans to serve, 5 million more
volunteer
• Over 300,000 Georgia men and women serve;
nearly 7,000 die
• Women play important role in military; serve in
support positions
Airplanes
• Bell Aircraft’s Marietta factory builds B-29 Superfortress
bombers
- employs 28,000 at peak production; over 6,000 women
work there
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
3
continued The
Nation and Georgia Mobilize
Shipbuilding
• German U-boats sink many U.S. cargo ships at
start of war
• Savannah, Brunswick shipyards build 447-footlong Liberty Ships
- Liberty Ships carry soldiers, supplies; named
for famous Georgians
• Many Georgia men and women leave farms to
work in shipyards
Image
Agriculture
• U.S. encourages Georgians to grow crops other
than cotton
• Food crops in demand; peanuts also important,
used for oil
NEXT
SECTION
3
Training Allied Troops in Georgia
Camp Stewart
• Georgia and Texas have most military training
facilities in U.S.
• Camp Stewart, near Savannah, trains antiaircraft
squads
Camp Gordon and Fort Benning
• Camp Gordon trains infantry and tank units
- holds German, Italian prisoners of war (POWs)
• Fort Benning becomes home to several groups
during World War II
- First Infantry, Airborne Training, Army’s Officer
Candidate School
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
3
continued Training
Allied Troops in Georgia
Warner Robins Air Force Base
• Warner Robins Air Force Base opens in 1942,
trains air support
• French, British troops also come to Georgia for
training
• Many bases also serve as POW camps—14
camps in Georgia
- prisoners receive good treatment, but required
to work
College Campuses
• College campuses become training facilities
• Soldiers learn nursing, handling supplies, planning,
flight training
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
3
continued Training
Allied Troops in Georgia
Colleges Used as Training Facilities
• Military pays colleges to use facilities during war
• Georgia Tech houses Marines, offers training
• University of Georgia students sign up for cadet
training
- 1943 football season canceled—not enough
civilian students for team
• University hosts Navy preflight program, Army
Specialized Training
• More than 200 University of Georgia students die
in war
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
3
continued Training
Allied Troops in Georgia
Women in the Military
• Many female personnel based in Georgia, many
as pilots
• Many women train at Georgia State College for
Women, Milledgeville
- now Georgia College & State University
- campus trains WAVES in 1943; 15,000 women
train there
- WAVES—Women Appointed for Volunteer
Emergency Service
- learn naval procedures, clerical work; frees
men for combat
NEXT
Section 4
The Impact of the War
at Home
The war has a tremendous impact on
Georgians.
NEXT
SECTION
4
The Impact of the War at Home
Social and Economic Impact of the War
Life in Georgia
• Actual fighting far away; U-boats patrol U.S. coast
sinking ships
• Georgians support U.S. involvement, find ways to
help war effort
- collection drives for scrap metal, rubber, paper,
cooking oil
- plant victory gardens for own food; farmers’
crops can go to troops
• War effort demands conservation, item rationing
• Families get monthly ration cards—coupon books
for scarce items
Image
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
4
continued Social
and Economic Impact of the War
Racial Tensions
• Wartime changes cause racial friction as people
travel to new areas
• Southern segregation puzzles Northern soldiers
in South
- some refuse to accept segregation laws, racial
slurs
• Racial clashes across U.S.: New York, L.A.,
Detroit, other cities
- problems on military bases, especially in South
• Some white Southern officers lead all-black units,
creating tension
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
4
continued Social
and Economic Impact of the War
Camp Stewart Riot
• Rumor spreads through Camp Stewart’s all-black
barracks, June 1943
- rumor that a white soldier killed a black woman,
riot erupts
• Some African-American soldiers arm themselves,
head for gates
- clash with white military police, open fire; one
killed, one wounded
NEXT
SECTION
4
Georgia’s Wartime Economy
Trend Toward Industry
• Georgia is still largely agricultural during war
• Textiles are largest industry; food processing,
lumber grow
• Coca-Cola benefits from war; wins military
contract to supply drink
- Coke bottlers open in Europe, Pacific
• South’s population decreases in first years of
war, many go north
• Some Georgia cities grow; war starts industrial
trend in Georgia
NEXT
SECTION
4
The War Ends
Georgians Resume their Lives
• Couples separated by war keep in touch by
writing letters
Hoping for a Brighter Future
• Thousands of couples reunited after war, begin
building futures
• Many women decide to raise families after
working during war
• Many men go to college as new or returning
students
NEXT
This is the end of the chapter presentation of
lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button.
Print Slide Show
1. On the File menu, select Print
2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint
If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue
to step 4
3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format
you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline
4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint
presentation
Print Text Version
1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open
in Adobe Acrobat
2. On the File menu, select Print
3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or
select the pages you want to print
Print Text
BACK