Transcript World War II

World War II
SSUSH19: The student will identify the origins, major developments,
and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the
federal government.
How can the United States use its resources to achieve victory?
The World goes to war…
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War breaks out in
Europe in1939 after
Germany invaded
Poland—both Britain &
France declared war.
Hitler imposes his
“Final Solution” on the
Jewish population in
Europe
More alliances are
made—Tripartite Pact:
Germany, Italy, &
Japan
America Moves Toward War
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President Roosevelt
gave aid in the way of
supplies to the Allied
countries (Britain,
China – later Soviet
Union) using the LendLease Act in 1941.
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Allied countries could be
loaned, sold, traded, or
leased supplies to be
repaid “in kind or
property”
FDR helped gain public support by offering the analogy of a
neighbor’s house being on fire: “If your neighbor’s house is on
fire, you don’t sell him a hose, you give it to him. Then you
take it back after the fire is out. This helps your neighbor &
makes sure that the fire doesn’t spread to your own house.”
Lend Lease Program
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Supplied UK, Soviet Union, China, France
and other allied nations with a vast
amounts of war material
In place from 1941-1945
Signed into law on March 11th, 1941
This act ended American neutrality
Hitler recognized this and in response
ordered German submarines to attack U.S
vessels
Pearl Harbor
b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of
Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.
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December 7, 1941
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Japanese attack on American
naval base at Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii
More than 2,300 people were
killed
“A date which will live in infamy”
U.S. declared war on Japan on
Dec. 8, 1941
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Complete surprise!
Officially brings the US into WWII
The cause of isolationism was
gone; former isolationists now
supported an all-out American
effort.
 “The only thing now to do is
to lick the hell out of them.”
(US Senator)
Main Goals of the Japanese
for the Attack
1.
Destroy the Aircraft Carriers
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2.
Destroy as many of the other ships as
possible (Mainly Battleships)- USS Arizona
completely sunk killing 1177 crew
members.
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3.
They were out at sea, away from the Harbor.
Cripple the US Navy in attempt to immobilize
them for a target of 6 months
Destroy the Oil Supply
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Would potentially immobilize the Pacific Fleet
for a estimated span of 2 years.
Reactions to War
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The Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor fueled suspicion &
fear among Americans
Many supported that the
Japanese, German, & Italian
Americans would end up
supporting the Axis Powers
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such citizens were forced
to relocate to internment
camps.
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They tended to be located in
remote areas and were meant
to keep potentially threatening
citizens in an isolated location
where the government could
keep an eye on them.
Japanese Internment
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Relocation and Internment
of approx. 110,000
Japanese American citizens.
Japanese Americans who
were too close to the Pacific
Coast.
Government afraid of spies.
Referred to as “War
Relocation Camps”
FDR authorized the
Internment with Executive
order 9066 on February
19th, 1942
 Allowed Military
commanders to
designate exclusion
areas for Japanese
American “terrorist”.
Discrimination during War
time
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FDR ordered the evacuation of more than
100,000 Japanese-Americans from their
homes—even though many were US citizens
whose families had lived in the US for
generations
In 1944, the US Supreme Court ruled that
the internment was lawful and justified due
to “…the military urgency of the situation.”
1983: the US government formally
recognized the injustice and authorized
payments of $20,000 to each Japanese
American who had suffered.
d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated
by rationing, war-time conversion, and
the role of women in war industries.
War Mobilization
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To prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the
War Production Board to help regulate the switch to
war time production
The automobile industry switched to almost
exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and
airplanes
On the Homefront
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Many young men left
home to fight the war in
Europe—once again,
women were left to take
their place in the
workforce
Over 6 million women
took factory jobs for men
3 million volunteered for
the Red Cross
More women joined the
military; some 350,000
served in WWII
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WAC (Women’s Army
Corps)
Women Accepted for
Volunteer Emergency
Service (WAVES)
Homefront Sacrifices
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As industry tooled for
war, Americans
experienced
shortages in
consumer goods.
Government-issued
ration books limited
the amount of sugar,
meat, gasoline, &
other goods that
people could
purchase.
Americans were
encouraged to
purchase war bonds
to help finance the
war.
Victory Gardens
became very popular
Fight for Civil Rights Continues…
a. Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C.,
and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response.
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Throughout the war, the US remained
segregated in both civilian & military life.
Once again, blacks moved from the
South to the industrialized North to find
employment.
To fight discrimination against African
Americans in the military & in the
workplace, A. Philip Randolph, the
nation’s most respected African
American labor leader, organized a
march to occur at the capital to fight for
equal rights.
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“We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the
Right to Work and Fight for Our Country”
“If it cost money to finance a march on
Washington, let Negroes pay for it. If any
sacrifices are made for Negro rights in
National Defense, let Negroes make them.”
FDR’s Response
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Tried to persuade Randolph out of it…and failed.
Fearing a protest of 100,000+ people, FDR backed
down & reluctantly signed the Executive Order
8802 in 1941 which called on all employers & labor
unions “to provide for the full and equitable
participation of all workers in defense industries,
without discrimination because of race, creed,
color, or national origin.”
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When this occurred, the March was called off.
e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific,
economic, and military implications of
developing the atomic bomb.
Los Alamos and the
Atom Bomb
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Also known as “Site Y”
and the Los Alamos
National Laboratory.
Los Alamos, New
Mexico
Largest science and
technology institution
in the world.
One of the places the
atomic bomb was
created.
The Atomic Bomb
the Manhattan Project
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The US wanted to beat the Germans.
 Develop the bomb and create enriched
Uranium before the Nazis did.
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President Harry Truman knew the battle
against Japan would be very difficult, thus
he approved the use of the atomic bomb.
Manhattan Project
 $2 billion ($22 billion today)
 Over 30 different sites. 10 on
Manhattan Island (Project Name)
 Started in the early 1940s as a secret
Made it for intimidation….. Turned into a
weapon of Mass Destruction.
 US dropped 2 on Japan in the cities
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 This totally devastated their country.
Manhattan Project
Fat Man and Little Boy
(The bombs dropped on Japan by the Enola Gay)
Hit Nagasaki
Hit Hiroshima
Practice Questions
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In what way did the Lend-Lease Act provide
a compromise between the will of the
president and the belief of many in
Congress?
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A) It allowed assistance to friendly nations
without the US directly participating in war
B) it limited American involvement in European
affairs by only providing advisors to friendly
nations
C) it curtailed the sale of supplies to all nations
involved in conflict
D) It assisted Great Britain’s efforts against
Germany but did not offer help to other nations
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1) What persuasive
images & slogans are
featured in this poster?
2) To what emotions
does this poster appeal?
3) Before the attack on
Pearl Harbor, the US
was determined to stay
out of the war & remain
neutral. In what ways
does this poster attempt
to change public
opinion?
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4) Is there any
difference
between the
Pearl Harbor
poster and this
cartoon that
came out after
the attacks on
September
11th?