Transcript US Moving Away from Neutrality

Use pages 550-557 to answer the
following questions.
1. What was the U.S. response to the outbreak
of war in Europe in 1939? (p. 550)
2. What 3 countries formed the Axis Powers in
1940? (p. 551)
3. How did Roosevelt assist the Allies without
declaring war (4)? (p. 552-554)
4. What events led the United States into
armed conflict with Germany? (p. 554)
5. Why did the Japanese draw the U.S. into
WWII by attacking Pearl Harbor? (p. 554-555)
Bell Quiz Answers
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5.
The U.S. was practicing isolationism during
the Great Depression. Late in 1939 the U.S.
moved away from isolationism and neutrality
and began supplying aid to the allies.
Germany, Japan, Italy.
Cash and carry; Lend-lease act; Shooting of
German U-boats; Atlantic Charter.
U.S. sinking German U-boats; Germans
sinking U.S. ships.
The U.S. cut off all trade with Japan and that
included oil. Japan needed the oil to fuel their
war machines.
Objectives
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Describe the U.S. response to the
outbreak of war in Europe in 1939.
Explain how Roosevelt assisted the
Allies without declaring war.
Summarize the events that brought
the United States into armed conflict
with Germany.
Describe the American response to
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Read pages 554—557
Japan Attacks the United States
Bell Quiz
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3.
Do you think the U.S. should have
waited to be attacked before declaring
war? Explain
Notice the placement of ships in Pearl
Harbor on page 556. What might the
navy had done differently to minimize
damage from a surprise attack?
Why do you think many people believe
the U.S. knew the attack was coming
but intentionally did nothing to stop it?
U.S. Moving Away from
Neutrality
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1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to revise
the Neutrality Act.
FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and carry”
provision.
• Allowed warring nations to buy arms and weapons
from the U.S. as long as they paid cash and
transported them in their own ships.
FDR asked Congress to increase spending for national
defense.
Congress also passed the Selective Training and
Service Act (Draft).
Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941.
Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would lend or
lease arms and other supplies to “any country whose
defense was vital to the United States” (Britain and
Russia).
The Axis Powers (1940)
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September 7, 1940,
Germany, Italy, and Japan
signed the Tripartite Pact as
a mutual defense treaty.
Germany, Italy, and Japan
were now the Axis Powers.
Under the Tripartite Pact
each Axis nation agreed to
come to the defense of the
others in case of attack.
The Tripartite Pact’s goal was
to keep the U.S. out of the
war.
June 1941, Hitler broke the
nonaggression pact and
invaded the Soviet Union.
German U-boats
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Hitler deployed German
submarines (U-boats) to
attack supply ships.
Groups of 40 submarines
patrolled areas in the
North Atlantic and
attacked convoys of
supply ships (wolf pack
attacks).
Could sink as much as
350,000 tons of
shipments in a single
month.
September 1941,
Roosevelt granted the
navy permission for U.S.
warships to attack
Germany U-boats in selfdefense.
Atlantic Charter
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Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the
battleship USS Augusta.
Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment,
but instead settled for the Atlantic Charter–a joint
declaration of goals for Post WWII Europe IF the
U.S. should enter the war and the allies win AND
how to maintain world wide peace after WWII.
The Atlantic Charter also established the United
Nations on paper.
Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers.
The Big 3 were the U.S., Great Britain, and the
Soviet Union.
The Declaration of the United Nations was signed
by 26 nations.
Japan Attacks
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Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo.
Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule.
U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off
trade (oil embargo).
December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the
largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. “A day that will
live in infamy.”
In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403
Americans (2,752 killed at 9/11) and wounded
1,178.
21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the
entire U.S. Pacific fleet.
300 airplanes destroyed.
Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a
declaration of war against Japan.
3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the
United States.
Video
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Pearl Harbor
Relocation of Japanese Americans
· After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many Americans questioned
the loyalty of Japanese Americans, fearing they may act as
spies or help Japan invade the U.S.
In February of
1942 The
Wartime
Relocation
Agency
(WRA)
forced
approximately
120,000
Japanese
Americans
to…
…sell their homes and businesses,
and relocate to one of 10 camps in the western U.S., living in
crowded barracks behind barbed wire.
• They were
released in
1944, after
victory
against the
Japanese
seemed to
be near.
Internment
camp in
Manzanar,
California
Japanese-American Internment Camps
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Many families sold their homes,
their stores, and most of their
assets. They could not be certain
their homes and livelihoods
would still be there upon their
return.
Because of the mad rush to sell,
properties and inventories were
often sold at a fraction of their
true value.
Almost two-thirds of the interns
were Japanese Americans born in
the United States. It made no
difference that many had never
even been to Japan. Even
Japanese-American veterans of
World War I were forced to leave
their homes.
We're gonna have to slap
the dirty little Jap
And Uncle Sam's the guy
who can do it
We'll skin the streak of
yellow from this sneaky
little fellow
And he'll think a cyclone
hit him when he's thru it
We'll take the double
crosser to the old
woodshed
We'll start on his bottom
and go to his head
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51kWDb2FDTE&safe=active
When we get thru with him he'll wish that he was dead
We gotta slap the dirty little Jap
We're gonna have to slap the dirty little Jap
And Uncle Sam's the guy who can do it
The Japs and all their hooey will be changed into chop suey
And the rising sun will set when we get thru it
Their alibi for fighting is to save their face
For ancestors waiting in celestial space
We'll kick their precious face down to the other place
We gotta slap the dirty little Jap
Japanese American Internment
(U.S. Govt Propaganda)
(9:26)
Kenji - Manzanar (3:51)
This is a video to the song
"Kenji" by Fort Minor, or
Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park.
It describes his family's life in
the time of World War II and
how they were put in a
Japanese Internment Camp.
Civil Liberties Act, 1988
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In 1988 President
Reagan approved the
Civil Liberties Act.
The CLA provided an
apology for the
internment on behalf
of the U.S.
Government and
authorized a
payment of $20,000
to each individual
camp survivor.
Writing Assignment: Due Today
RAFT (Role, Audience, Format,
Topic)
 Your Role=Japanese-American
immediately after the attack on
Pearl Harbor.
 The Audience=President
Roosevelt (FDR)
 The Format=Letter
 The Topic=Unfairness of being
placed in an Internment Camp.
Online at home: Due Monday
1)
2)
Find and print an article from online
that discusses supporting the
establishment of internment camps
for Arab-Americans after the 9/11
attacks.
Write a one paragraph reaction to
the article. Do you agree or
disagree? Prove it.