Transcript World War II-1941

WWII 1941-1945
I. American Responses to the
Growing Threat of War
A. The Stimson Doctrine, 1932
1. Created in response to the Japanese
invading and conquering the
Chinese province of Manchuria.
2. This program stated that the U.S.
would not recognize any territorial
acquisitions gained by force.
B. The Neutrality Acts
1. The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were
expressions of a commitment to isolationism.
2. During the 1930s, isolationists drew support
for their position from Washington’s Farewell
Address.
C. The Lend-Lease Program
1. Under the Lend-Lease program, President
Roosevelt authorized the sale of surplus
military equipment to the Allies
2. The Lend-Lease program was used primarily
to help Great Britain and the Soviet Union
resist Nazi Germany.
II. The Attack on Pearl Harbor and the
Germany First Strategy
A. Pearl Harbor
1. The FDR administration imposed the first of a
series of embargoes on Japan-bound supplies.
2. The U.S. actions left Japanese leaders with two
alternatives:
 Give in to American demands and withdraw
troops from Manchuria
 They could end the embargo by attack Pearl
Harbor naval base
B. Germany First
1. The Japanese attack unified America.
2. After the attack, the United States
announced a strategy of first defeating
Germany.
3. Most Americans wanted to attack Japan first
4. Once Hitler was defeated the United States
launched a full scale attack on Japanese
forces.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-warii/world-war-ii-history/videos/attack-pearlharbor
III. Diplomacy and the Big Three
A. Latin America
1. FDR administration formally renounced the
right to intervene in Latin America
2. The United States sought greater cooperation
with the nations of Latin America, primarily
to develop a hemispheric common front
against fascism
B. The Philippine Islands
1. In response to widespread anti-imperialist
sentiments, the United States pledged to
grant independence to the Philippine Islands.
2. The Philippines gained independence in 1946
C. The Big Three
1. The Big Three were Roosevelt, Churchill, and
Stalin
2. They demanded the unconditional surrender
of Germany and Japan
3. They held their final meeting at Yalta in
February of 1945
IV. Wartime Mobilization of the
Economy
A. Impact of Military Spending
1. Military spending revived the U.S. economy.
2. As American industry prepared for war,
unemployment plummeted.
3. The dramatic increase in military spending
enabled the United States to finally emerge
from the Great Depression.
B. Price Controls
1. The government instituted direct price
controls to halt inflation.
2. The Office of Price Administration (OPA)
established a nationwide rationing system for
consumer goods such as coffee and gasoline
V. African Americans and Women
1. Approximately, 1. 6 million African Americans
left the South.
2. FDR issued an executive order forbidding
discrimination in defense industries.
B. Women and the Workplace
1. “Rosie the Riveter” was a nickname given
during World War II to American women who
did industrial work in the 1940s
2. The war mobilization caused a significant
movement of married women into the
workforce.
VI. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
during wartime
A. The internment of Japanese Americans
1. March 1942, FDR ordered all Japanese
Americans living on the West Coast be
removed to “relocation centers” for the
duration of the war.
B. Korematsu v. United States
1. The relocation of Japanese Americans during
WWII raised the constitutionality of the
internment of Japanese Americans as a
wartime necessity.
2. The Supreme Court ruling upheld the
constitutionality of the internment of
Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity.
Korematsu v. United States
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfxaSrM
QtME
VII. The United States and the Atomic
Bomb
A. The Manhattan Project
1. President Roosevelt authorized the
Manhattan Project.
2. President Truman authorized the use of the
atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
3. The United States was the only country
possessing atomic bombs in 1945.
Two Walls discussion
If you were President of the United States in
1945 would you have authorized the use of
the Atomic bomb on Japan? Why or why not?
B. Truman’s Decision to Use the
Atomic Bomb
1. Continuing to use conventional weapons would
result in loss of thousands of American lives
2. Using the atomic bomb would persuade the
Japanese to surrender.
3. Ending the war against Japan as quickly as
possible would prevent Soviet intervention.
4. Using the atomic bomb would convince the
Soviet Union of the need to be more
cooperative