Transcript Axis Victories - cloudfront.net

Brief Response
• What made the Axis seem undefeatable to the
rest of the world? Why didn’t the great powers
try to aggressively stop them?
• Their militaries grew at fast rates
• their expansion was sudden and frightening.
• Britain and France wanted peace and had cut
back their militaries.
• The League of Nations had no military power to
stop Italy, Japan, and Germany
Axis Victories
p. 466
Technology once again made this war as
surprisingly horrible as WW I.
• Blitzkrieg:
• “lightning war”.
• German fast style of attack in WW
II.
–Hitler did not want a trench war like
WW I.
Technology once again made this war as
surprisingly horrible as WW I.
• Advantage of the Blitzkrieg
• The Germany military used fast, shocking
vehicles and aircraft, teamed with powerful,
long-range artillery.
– Entrenched armies were surrounded and
bypassed.
– They would surrender when they ran out of
food, supplies, or the will to fight.
Luftwaffe:
• The German Air Force.
• Using small and medium, fast fighters and
bombers.
• They worked in unison with the ground
forces, making the blitzkrieg effective.
• File: the blitzkrieg
1939: Germany and the Soviet
Union finished Poland in a month.
• Stalin then invaded (4)
– Lithuania,
– Latvia,
– Estonia,
– part of Finland (with permission from Hitler).
• Hitler sent most of his armies back through
Germany to meet the coming attack from
the British and French (the Allies).
“the Sitzkrieg”
• AKA: The “Phony War”
• Britain and France did not attack Germany
at all.
• They set up fortified positions along the
French border from the English Channel to
Switzerland.
April, 1940
(Hitler mocks FDR’s letter):
• Germany takes (4)
– Denmark,
– Norway,
– the Netherlands,
– Belgium.
May, 1940:
• German troops invaded ____ , bypassing the
Maginot Line from the Ardennes Forest in
Belgium.
• France
– with Italy invading in the south.
• Colour doc….. (covers 1939-Fall of France)
– (Need to click file in folder)
• France Falls in one month, France is forced to
sign the surrender in the same rail car Germany
signed the World War I armistice in.
– Hitler then tours Paris, visits Napoleon’s tomb.
Vichy:
• Hitler took control of northern France,
• but allowed a “puppet” French government
to rule southern France.
– Led by General Philippe Petain
1940, Britain’s new
Prime Minister, ___
• Winston Churchill
• vowed never to surrender to or
compromise with Hitler.
Operation Seelowe (Sealion):
• After France fell, Hitler reluctantly planned
an invasion of ______.
• Great Britain
• Britain had two forces that protected
it…..Germany would have to defeat both.
– The Royal Navy
– The Royal Air Force (RAF)
Battle of Britain:
(1st two mins if time)
• What was the Outcome? (3)
• the Luftwaffe tries and fails to destroy the
RAF
• Operation Seelowe was cancelled by May,
1941.
German frustration with England
• Hitler ordered day and night bombings of British cities
and military targets.
• The British expression for the bombing campaign was
____
• The Blitz:
– For the next four years Germany will bomb London: -- handout, if
time.
• Soon, the British retaliated with night bombings of Berlin
and other cities.
• Though there was much destruction and loss of life, it
was again an heroic moment for the British people.
The Free French
• Some French troops and officers escaped and
formed a “Free French” government in England
• _____________________ rose to be the
recognized leader.
• Charles de Gaulle
• Resistance (guerrilla) forces organized in France,
– with Free French and British aid and training.
Erwin Rommel:
• Brilliant leader of Hitler’s small Afrika
Korps.
– EC: Allied troops called him the ______
– “Desert Fox”
• His troops pushed the British back into
Egypt.
Nazi-Soviet Peace
• Lasted two years….. All looked good.
• What does the caption in the cartoon
mean? (2)
• In old gangster terms, “taking someone for
a ride or walk” meant they were going to
be killed.
• Both are hiding pistols while “smiling” at
each other.
June, 1941:
• Having subdued the Allies in western
Europe, Hitler turned East.
• A sudden attack on eastern Poland,
opened the war on _____
• the Soviet Union.
– Stalin seemed genuinely surprised.
• His gigantic, well-armed border forces melted
before the blitzkrieg.
• Stalin had purged (executed) his best officers in
1936
Russia is Gigantic
• The Germans killed and captured four
million troops,
– but there were millions more retreating.
• The Soviets retreated, relying on two
familiar “weapons”:
– destroying everything, repeating the
“scorched-earth” tactics that stopped
Napoleon.
– Winter (“General Winter”)
Concentration camps:
• Large facilities holding millions of Jewish
detainees and other prisoners of war.
Jews:
• Jews, by this time, were slated for death.
– At first wherever they were found, shot by SS
(einsatzgruppen)
• Hanged as well.
– Many were forced into overcrowded
neighborhoods called ____ to wait for
transport to concentration camps.
– ghettos
Genocide for many
unwanted groups
• Besides Jews, other inferior peoples:
(5)
• Gypsies (Romas)
• Disabled/mentally ill (many euthanized in
hospitals)
• Homosexuals
• Slavs
• Poles
January, 1942:
Wannsee Conference decides the _____, the German plan to kill all
the Jews from captured Europe, in organized death camps.
“Final Solution”
–organized death camps
» converting current concentration camps
» building model death camps in Poland
»
secure railroad entrance
»
barracks for
»
workers (tattooed with serial numbers)
»
detainees (old, mothers, children, ill/weak)
»
gas chambers (showers)
»
crematoria (ovens to burn bodies to ash)
»
storage for useful items taken from prisoners
»
luggage
»
clothes
»
any metals
»
hair
»
gold fillings
»
medical experiments on human subjects (illegal without permission)
»
often fatal
»
Most notorious: Josef Mengele
»Hitler ordered that his trains continue taking Jews to camps even when his own troops needed supplies to fight
the Allies.
Holocaust:
• The Jewish term for the German genocide
against them.
• Some 6 million+ Jews were killed by the
end of the war
– 2/3 of all Jews living in Europe
• Another 9 million+ Slavs, Gypsies, and
others died as well.
August, 1941:
• The Atlantic Charter:
– Roosevelt (US) and Churchill (Britain) agree
to: (2)
• Destroy Nazi Germany
• Protect all people’s right to self-determination.
1941, “Four Freedoms” Speech:
• FDR made the speech to ask
Congress to end the Neutrality Acts
and pass the ____.
• Lend-Lease Act
1941, FDR’s “Four Freedoms”
• Freedom of speech
and expression….
anywhere in the world
• Freedom of religion
…. anywhere in the
world
“Four Freedoms”
• Freedom from want
…. anywhere in the
world
• Freedom from fear ….
anywhere in the world
FDR asked Congress to do
something.
• Lend-Lease Act:
• January, 1941: Congress approved FDR
supplying countries that “protect”
democracy
– with military support (equipment only).
– He could either sell it or lend it (free).
Japan Contemplates War :
• Japan knew that American media told its people to be anti-Japanese
long before the war.
• 1940: FDR moves to stop Japanese aggression.
• Roosevelt places a trade __________ of contraband goods to Japan
• embargo
– to protest the war in China and Japanese aggression into French
Indochina and the Dutch East Indies.
• Petroleum
• Scrap metal (steel, tin)
• rubber
• He also moves the Pacific Fleet from San Diego and Los Angeles to
____, Hawai’i.
– Pearl Harbor
• Japan sees both moves as a threat.
Japan’s attitude was mixed:
• Pro-peace politicians negotiated with US.
• Most of the military supported war with the
US and Britain.
– They secretly planned, trained and quietly
dispatched attack fleets to (4)
•
•
•
•
Singapore,
the Philippines,
key American-held Pacific Islands.
Hawai’i,
Talk and War
• The Japanese military gave the diplomats
until early December to negotiate a
solution with the US, but nothing
happened.
– The attacks began on ____ (Japan date)
– December 8th
– US (Hawai’i) date
– December 7th
The US is at War Again.
• On December 8, FDR asked Congress to
declare war .
– All but one voted for it.
• __________ and _____________ declare
war on the US on December 11th.
• Italy
• Germany
Japan’s Early Gains
• By June, 1942, Japan took control of: (8)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
the Philippines,
British Malaya,
Singapore,
Guam,
Wake Island,
New Guinea
Hong Kong
Dutch East Indies
They were poised to invade Australia and Hawai’i.
hwk
Image, p. 467
• Question:
• By using repetition and showing
determination.
images, 468-9.
• Questions
• 1
– To be resourceful
– To be cooperative
– To be defiant of the enemy
• 2
• The bombings angered the British people
and rallied their support for their country
Standards Check, p. 469
Fallen to Axis
• Poland
• Norway
• Denmark
• The Netherlands
• Belgium
• France
• Parts of North Africa
• Greece
• Yugoslavia
Joined Axis
• Bulgaria
• Hungary
Standards Check, p. 470
•
•
•
•
Question
Soviet resistance
Harsh winter
Stalin’s orders to destroy equipment,
crops, resources useful to Germans.
Thinking Critically, 470-1
• 1
• In Poland, near work camps
• Shows how prisoners could quickly be
moved to death camps
– Shows ruthless Nazi attitude to Slavs and
Jews
• 2
• Depicts a dramatic drop in European
Jewish population.
Standards Check, 473
• Question:
• Hitler considered non-Germans to be
inferior
• They had no right to respect, fair
treatment, or even life
Standards Check, p. 474
• Question:
• The United States banned the sale of war
materials to Japan
• This hampered Japans war efforts in
China and Southeast Asia
Image, 474
• Question:
• The United States ended its isolationist
policies and entered the war.
Brief Response
• The Nazis used this poster during the
1932 Reichstag election.
• It reads “Work and Food.”
• What is the message conveyed in this
poster?
• Why do you think the Nazis viewed this as
one of their most effective posters?