Transcript World War II Rise of Germany

The Road to World War II
Causes of World War II
How did each of the following lead to the second
world war?
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W – World War I & the Treaty of Versailles
A – Appeasement
R – Rise of Totalitarianism
January 1933: Hitler became
Chancellor of Germany
His popularity soars because of his
criticism of, and refusal to adhere to,
the Treaty of Versailles.
Hitler soon ordered a programme of
rearming Germany
Hitler visits a factory and is
enthusiastically greeted. Many
Germans were grateful for jobs after
the misery of he depression years.
March 1936: German troops
marched into the Rhineland
The Rhineland was a
region of Germany that
was ‘demilitarised’ after
the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany was not allowed
to have troops in the
region.
Hitler’s actions showed
how he was willing to
directly challenge the
treaty.
March 1938: Nazi Germany
annexed Austria
Again, this went
against the terms of
the Treaty of
Versailles which
banned Germany
from uniting with
Austria.
However, the arrival
of German troops
was met with great
enthusiasm by many
Austrian people.
March 1939: Germany invaded
Czechoslovakia
Hitler had ordered the
occupation of a part of
Czechoslovakia known as the
Sudetenland (in October
1938). Many hoped that that
this would be the last conquest
of the Nazis.
However, in March 1939, he
ordered his troops to take over
the remainder of
Czechoslovakia. This was the
first aggressive step that
suggested that a war in
Europe would soon begin.
Appeasement
Many feared war & preparations were
under way. British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain attends the
Munich Conference where he meets
with Hitler.
Believing peace was possible and
feeling that Germany had legitimate
grievances, Chamberlain agrees to give
in to Hitler’s demands. In exchange,
Germany had to stop aggressive action.
“There will be peace in our time.”
August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a
non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin (the
Russian leader) signed a
‘non-aggression pact’.
They promised that neither
country would attack the
other in the event of war.
As part of the deal, Hitler
promised Stalin part of
Poland, which he planned to
invade soon.
This photo shows the Russian foreign minister
signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in
the background
Stalin
Hitler
The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural
enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that
he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia
September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
But, the pact allowed
Germany to march
into Poland without
fear of an attack
from Russia.
On 3rd September
1939, Germany
invaded Poland and
started a War with
Britain and France.
German troops marching
into Warsaw, the capital
of Poland.
May 1940: Germany turned west and
invaded France and the Netherlands
In May 1940, Germany
used Blitzkrieg tactics to
attack France and the
Netherlands.
British troops were
forced to retreat from the
beaches of Dunkirk in
northern France.
Captured British
troops, May 1940
By June 1940, France had surrendered to the
Germans
Britain now stood alone
as the last remaining
enemy of Hitler’s
Germany in Western
Europe.
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his
successful invasion.
September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz
For the following nine months, the German
air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated
bombing raids on British towns and cities.
This was known as the BLITZ and was an
attempt to bomb Britain into submission.
Operation Barbarossa, June 1941
But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the
bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin
and ignored the promises he had made.
This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point
in the War.
PEARL HARBOR
THE DAY OF INFAMY
December 7, 1941
Causes…
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The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from
China and Indochina
Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would
provide them an easy win, and a territory with
abundant land and resources to rule once they
were victorious.
The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting
Japan’s economy
Warfare Used During Attack
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Japan
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81 Fighter Planes
135 Dive Bombers
104 Horizontal Bombers
40 Torpedo Planes
At least 5 Midget Submarines
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Battle Sequence
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5 PHASE ATTACK BY JAPANESE…
(as noted by the U.S. Navy)
PHASE 1: Combined torpedo plane and dive bomber
attacks lasting from 7:55 a.m. to 8:25 a.m.
PHASE 2: Lull in attacks lasting from 8:25 - 8:40 a.m.
PHASE 3: Horizontal bomber attacks from 8:40 – 9:15
a.m.
PHASE 4: Dive bomber attacks between 9:15-9:45 a.m.
PHASE 5: Warning of attacks and completion of raid
after 9:45 a.m.
USS Arizona
USS Arizona
Warfare (continued)
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United States
108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight)
35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight)
993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns
Casualties
Japan
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Less then 100 men
29 planes
5 midget submarines
United States
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2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178
wounded
188 planes
18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4
other vessels)
USS Arizona Burning: 1,100+
servicemen died on the ship
Effects/Outcome
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Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the
U.S. Pacific fleet (U.S. Pacific Fleet aircraft
carriers: Lexington, Enterprise, & Saratoga were
not in port)
Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire
The U.S. finally was forced to join World War II
(“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”)
The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan
(Dec. 8, 1941)
Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec.
11, 1941)
December 8, 1941 FDR
Speech
“Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will live in
infamy – the United States of America was
suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and
air forces of the Empire of Japan.”
FDR Infamy Speech
Since 1941, the USSR suffered heavy casualties from
fighting the Germans on the Eastern Front.
• The Leader of the USSR Josef Stalin, wanted to create an
operation that would be carried out by the Allies in
Western Europe in order to reduce the amount of German
divisions in the USSR’s territory.
• Tehran, 1943-FDR, Winston Churchill, and Josef Stalin
decided to open a second front in France
The Allies spent 18 months planning and training for
D-Day. Most troops are green.
Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Alliead Expeditionary Forces:
You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these
many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of libertyloving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and
brothers-in-arms on other Fronts you will bring about the destruction of the German
war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over oppressed peoples of Europe, and
security for ourselves in a free world.
Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battlehardened. He will fight savagely.
But this is the year 1944. Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The
United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-toman. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity
to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming
superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves
of trained fighting men. The tide has turned. The free men of the world are marching
together to victory.
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty, and skill in battle. We will
accept nothing less than full victory.
Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and
noble undertaking.
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D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in history
and was the turning point in World War II.
Allied forces had 156,000 troops on or supported by
nearly 5,400 ships crossed the English Channel
landing the troops on five beaches in Normandy.
12,000 planes including bombers, fighters, and
troop planes
The beaches were stormed early that morning
supported by about 23,000 airborne troops that had
already landed behind enemy lines or getting ready
to land in support of the beach assault and the
push to Caen.
• The night before
23,000 Paratroopers
landed behind enemy
lines to secure bridges
and roads
• Pre dawn
bombardment of
Nazi guns to “soften
of the Wall”
• Within in 7 days the Allies controlled 80 miles of
the coast.
Casualties