Transcript totalitarian government

Building up to WWII
1920s
► Worldwide
depression – period of rising
unemployment and low economic activity
Totalitarianism
► Rising
dictators claimed that they could
solve the problems of the depression by
setting up totalitarian government –
absolute power, the state controls every
area of life
Video!!
► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsGdCk
KoM5s&safe=active
Italy
► Economic
unrest after WWI –
strikes/ fear of Communists taking
over
► Benito Mussolini – first person to
set up a totalitarian government
► used Treaty of Versailles and Italy’s
economic problems to gain power
► Founded the Fascist party using
the fears of the middle class
Rise of Fascism
Totalitarian government that is not Communist
Leader = dictator – has complete control over
government
► State is more important than individuals =
strong central government that controls:
1. Economy
2. How owners run business and land
3. Mass media (newspapers, radios, movies –
censored)
4. Propaganda – used to brainwash people into
believing what gov. says
►
►
Soviet Union
► Joseph
Stalin came to power in late 1920s
► Wanted the Soviet Union to become an
industrial nation
► Focused industry on making steal,
machines, weapons, farm and
transportation equipment
Stalin’s purges to promote
Communism
► Ended
private ownership, set quotas for
production
► Peasants rebelled – Stalin used force to end
resistance – sent them to labor camps =
famine followed
► Arrested those who disagreed with him –
tried and sentenced to death
Soviet Society
► Used
propaganda to
promote the Soviet Union
and encourage people to
work harder/produce more
► Encouraged nationalism
and suspicion of western
countries
► Eliminated religion
"To have more, we must
produce more. To produce
more, we must know more”
Hitler and Nazi Germany
►
►
►
1.
2.
Conditions were ideal for Hitler to take over
Germany – Germans were angered by their
treatment at the Paris Peace Conference
Hitler joined the Nazi Party and set out to make
them the most powerful political parts in
Germany
Hitler appealed to:
nationalists: promised to stop Germany’s
payment for WWI
business leaders, and landowners: promised
security from Communism
Hitler’s rise to power
► 1933
– Hitler became chancellor because Nazis
won majority of seats in the German
Parliament
► He acted quickly to keep his power – had
Parliament suspend constitution = he no
longer needed legislation to make laws
► Became dictator – Der Fuhrer (the leader)
The Nazi Government
Only political party allowed = Nazi (no challengers)
Labor Unions banned
► Used terror and propaganda to keep control
► Gestapo = secret police
► Anyone who opposed – sent to concentration camp –
type of prison camp
► Government set up massive work projects to employ
people
► New Empire = Third Reich
► Video!! How did Hitler do all of this??
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af44Slin7lg&playnext=1&l
ist=PLE8B3A617C9716740&feature=results_main&safe=ac
tive
►
►
Anti- Semitism
► prejudice,
hatred of, or discrimination
against Jews for reasons connected to their
heritage
► Hitler developed a theory that Germans
descended from an Aryan race – master
race = Jews in Germany endangered purity
of that race
► Also blamed Jews for most of Germany’s
problems
Anti-Semite Goals
Drive all Jews out of Germany
► Lead to genocide – murder of all members of an ethnic
group
► 1935 – Nuremberg Laws - stripped German Jews of
citizenship, forced them to wear yellow stars
► November 9, 1938 – Kristallnacht (Night of Broken
Glass) Nazis used violence of a Jew against a German to
attack Jewish people – 100 Jews murdered, 30,000 sent to
camps
Video!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z01WmCcpZ0Q&
safe=active
►
Trouble with Japan
► Emperor
ruled Japan, but military leaders made
most of the decisions
► Lacked many necessary natural resources and
markets for goods – Government expanded into
Asia to get control of resources and sell its goods
► 1931 – took control of Manchuria
► by 1937, Japan and China were fighting a full
scale war
Video!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYGsdC7
Sg38&safe=active
Intro to WWII
Video!!
► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COT
wT7nE&safe=active
Germany on the march
Hitler ignored the Treaty
of Versailles and defied
the League of Nations
1. Created air force and
expanded army
2. Sent a German army into
the Rhineland (zone
along Germany’s border
that they were not
allowed to enter)
► League did nothing
►
Looking the other way…
► France
and GB protested Hitler rearming the
Rhineland
► France wanted to fight, but GB would not
help – this was the beginning of Great
Britain’s policy of appeasement – giving in
to the demands of a hostile person or group
the keep the peace
Expansion of Germany
► Hitler
sent in troops in to
Austria – proclaimed it a
part of Germany
► Next on his list was
Czechoslovakia (created
by the Treaty of
Versailles)
► Sudetenland = German
region of Czechoslovakia
Munich Conference
► 1938
– British and French
met with Hitler – again gave
in to him and agreed that
Hitler could take control of
the Sudetenland
► In return – Hitler promised
not to take any more of
Czechoslovakia
► Following spring, he went
back on his promise…
surprise, surprise
WAR!
► September
1939 –
Germany invades
Poland
► Great Britain and
France declare war
on Germany
Video!!
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=5Y9
NexpibEo
What about the US?
► Isolationism
– the belief that US should
stay out of Europe’s problems
Video!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=668zH17N
P8w&safe=active