Transcript OVERVIEW for SGO/ FINALS

WORLD
HISTORY &
CULTURES
review
 The
best individual
to exemplify
Renaissance Italy’s
social ideal for
being a





Painter
Sculptor
Architect
Inventor
Mathematician
Leonardo da Vinci
 The
first
masterpieces of
early Renaissance
art painted by
Masaccio
Frescoes
 The
first Protestant
faith and the start
of the Protestant
Reformation
Lutheranism
 Document
that
accepted the
division of
Christianity in the
Holy Roman Empire
(Germany)



One Ruler
One Region
One Religion
Peace of Augsburg
 Founded
Jesuits
the
Ignatius of Loyola
 The
High Italian
Renaissance is
identified with
these three artists
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
 Document
that
attacked the
abuses of Roman
Catholic Church
with the sale of
indulgences and
started the
Reformation
Ninety-five Theses
 Explorer
died
believing he had
found Asia, but was
not given early
credit for
discovering the
Americas
Christopher Columbus
 First
European
settlers of the
Hudson River
The Dutch
 The
original African
slaves brought by
the Spanish to the
Americas to work
on
Sugarcane plantation
 The
Portuguese
explorers called
the southern coast
of West Africa
Gold Coast
 Explored
for
England what is
now the New
England coastline
John Cabot
 Mercantilists
believed that the
prosperity of a
nation depended
on
An Immense supply of
bullion (gold & silver)
 Name
the journey
of slaves from
Africa to America
Middle Passage
 System
of
government in
which a ruler holds
total power
Absolutism
 The
Parliament
invitation for
William of Orange
to invade England
and overthrow
James II with little
bloodshed
(James II tripped)
Glorious Revolution
 The
first to argue
that the sun not the
earth was the
center of the
universe
(heliocentric)
Nicholas Copernicus
 Showed
how one
law, such as the
universal law of
gravitation, could
explain all motions
of the universe
Isaac Newton
 His
theory suggests
that people were
molded by their
own experiences
because individual
were born with a
blank slate
John Locke
 His
theory suggests
that the state (gov)
should not regulate
the economy and
the term laissezfaire was coined
Adam Smith
 The
oath that the
French National
Assembly took
vowing to continue
meeting until they
produced a French
constitution
Tennis Court Oath
 Ordinary
patriots
without fine clothes
during the French
Revolution were
identified with the
French term
meaning
‘without breeches’
Sans-culottes
 The
committee that
was given broad
powers to defend
France from
internal threats
Committee of Public
Safety
 The
British general
that defeated
Napoleon in his
final battle at
Waterloo
The Duke of Wellington
 French
document
that proclaimed
equal rights for all
men and no
political rights for
women
The Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the
Citizen
 Promotion
within
Napoleon’s new
bureaucracy was
based on ability
only, not
rank or birth
 The
first industry
affect by the
Industrial
Revolution
Cotton cloth (textiles)
 Workers
start to
have regular hours
and do the same
work over and over
in factories created
a
new labor system
 The
belief that
people should be
as free as possible
from government
restraints
Liberalism
 Developed
the
steam engine that
could drive
machinery
James Watt
 The
most crucial
invention of the
British Industrial
Revolution
steam engine
 In
a colony where
local elites were
removed from
power and
replaced with a
new set of officials
Direct rule
 The
only free states
in Africa by 1914
Liberia and Ethiopia
 During
WWI
characterized by
trench warfare
keeping both sided
in the same
position from 1914
to 1918
The Western Front
 Austria-Hungary
 Bulgaria
 Germany
 Ottoman
Empire
a/k/a
The Central Powers
 Many
Germans felt
they had signed a
harsh dictated
peace
Treaty of Versailles
 Germany’s
plan for
a two-front war
with Triple Entente
members Russia
and France
the Schlieffen Plan
 Reason
why the
United States
joined the Allied
side in WWI
Germans’ use of
submarines
 Government
that
aims to control the
political,
economic, social,
intellectual and
cultural lives of its
citizens
Totalitarian
 Gave
Hitler the
power to ignore the
constitution for four
years and create a
totalitarian state
Enabling Act
 The
November 9,
1938, destructive
Nazi rampage
against the Jews
Kristallnacht
A
key factor that
lead many
Germans of all
classes to accept
Hitler and the Nazis
End Germany’s
economic depression
 Excluded
Jews
from German
citizenship and
forbade marriages
between Jews and
Germans
Nuremberg laws
 Britain
and France
declared war on
Germany, two
days after Hitler
invaded
Poland
 Japanese
surprise
attack on
December 7, 1941
of the U.S. Pacific
fleet
Pearl Harbor
 Great
Britain’s
policy toward
Germany prior to
WWII based on the
concept that
satisfaction of
reasonable
demands would
maintain peace in
Europe
Appeasement
 Special
strike
forces charged
with the task of
rounding up and
killing Jews
Einsatzgruppen
 Slaughter
of 11
million European
citizens—6 million
were Jews by the
Nazis
Holocaust
 Built
to prevent East
Germans from
defecting to West
Germany
Berlin Wall
 The
United States
adopted a policy
toward the Soviet
Union to stop the
spread of
communism
containment
 The
first Protestant
faith
 Lutheranism