Transcript WWII - Thomas County Schools

WORLD WAR II
HOW DID WE END UP IN WORLD
WAR AGAIN?
THE STEPS TO WAR:
1. THE GREAT DEPRESSION - AMERICA WAS NOT THE ONLY
DEPRESSED NATION IN THE 1930’S. THE GREAT DEPRESSION
WAS WORLD WIDE. LIKE AMERICANS, OTHER COUNTRIES
TURNED TO THEIR GOVERNMENTS FOR HELP. WHEN SOME
GOVERNMENTS WERE UNABLE TO HELP, THEY TURNED TO
THE PROMISES OF MEN WHO SAID THEY HAD THE ANSWERS
THESE MEN WERE DICTATORS.
DICTATORS
THE GERMANS’ SEARCH FOR ANSWERS TOOK
THEM TO A MADMAN NAMED ADOLF HITLER.
THE ITALIANS TURNED TO
THIS MAN, BENITO MUSSOLINI.
EVEN THOUGH RUSSIA WOULD FIGHT ON OUR SIDE,
THEY TOO HAD A DICTATOR NAMED JOSEPH STALIN.
JAPAN WAS USED TO LIFE UNDER STRICT
RULE BY AN EMPEROR. HIS NAME WAS
HIROHITO.
NATIONALISM
STEP 2:
2. DICTATORS GAVE THE PEOPLE SOMEONE TO BLAME.
THEY TOLD THE PEOPLE OF THEIR COUNTRIES THAT THE
HARD TIMES THEY WERE EXPERIENCING WERE THE FAULT
OF VARIOUS GROUPS, JEWS, COMMUNISTS, CAPITALISTS,
ETC. AND THAT IF THEY WOULD FOLLOW THEIR LEADERSHIP THEIR NATION WOULD BE GREAT AGAIN. NATIONALISM
WAS USED AS A TOOL FOR DISREGARDING HUMAN RIGHTS
AND DEMOCRACY.
HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
I. THE DEPRESSION OPENS THE EARS OF MILLIONS TO IDEAS THEY
PROBABLY WOULD NOT HAVE ACCEPTED IN BETTER TIMES.
II. THE NAZI PARTY (HITLER’S POLITICAL PARTY) BECOMES APPEALING
TO MANY GERMANS. THE NATIONAL SOCIALISTS HAD A DYNAMIC
YOUNG LEADER WHO WAS AN ENTHRALLING SPEAKER, ADOLF HITLER.
III. ONCE THE NAZIS OBTAINED TOTAL CONTROL IN GERMANY, THEIR
POLICIES OF HATRED, AND FALSE BLAME LED TO THE REARMING OF
THE GERMAN ARMY AND THE DEATH OF MILLIONS OF INNOCENT
PEOPLE.
GERMANY ON THE MOVE!!
AT THE END OF WORLD WAR I, GERMANY HAD BEEN FORCED TO AGREE
THAT THEY WOULD NEVER TAKE UP ARMS AGAINST THEIR NEIGHBORS
AGAIN, AND THEY WOULD MAKE HUGE CASH PAYMENTS TO THOSE THEY
HAD LOST THE WAR TO IN REPAYMENT FOR HAVING STARTED THE WAR
TO BEGIN WITH.
THE DEPRESSION MADE GERMANY’S ABILITY TO DO THAT IMPOSSIBLE.
HITLER AND THE NAZIS BLAMED JEWS AND OTHER MINORITIES FOR
GERMANY’S TROUBLES, AND REFUSED TO CONTINUE TO FOLLOW THE
TREATY THAT HAD ENDED WORLD WAR I.
THE NAZIS PUSHED FOR A REUNITED GERMANY ON THE MOVE TO
REGAIN WORLD PROMINENCE AND RESPECT. HITLER REBUILT THE
ARMED FORCES ILLEGALLY AND BEGAN TO TAKE OVER COUNTRY
AFTER COUNTRY.
BECAUSE OF THE DEPRESSION, OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS COULD NOT
AFFORD TO STOP HIM. WHILE THEY STOOD BY AND DID NOTHING,
HITLER KEPT ON MOVING. THEY FINALLY DREW THE LINE AT POLAND
SAYING THAT IF GERMANY INVADED POLAND IT WOULD BE AN ACT OF
WAR. HITLER INVADED ANYWAY GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
GERMANY TAKES MOST
ALL OF MAINLAND EUROPE
BY 1941, HITLER AND THE GERMANS HAD CONTROL OF ALL OF MAINLAND EUROPE. HITLER HAD TRIED TO AVOID THE MISTAKES OF WWI BY
NOT FIGHTING A 2 FRONT WAR. HE SIGNED A NON-AGRESSION PACT
WITH RUSSIA. HE TRIED FOR MONTHS TO TAKE GREAT BRITAIN BUT
WAS UNABLE TO DO SO. HE BROKE HIS WORD AND TURNED EAST AND
ATTACKED RUSSIA. MILLIONS WOULD DIE, BUT IT WOULD TURN OUT
TO BE HIS WORST MISTAKE.
AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
AMERICA TRIES TO STAY NEUTRAL AT FIRST. AT FIRST, WE TRIED TO
BE A SUPPLIER FOR OUR ALLIES IN FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN GIVING THEM WAR MATERIALS BUT NOT FIGHTING OURSELVES.
EVEN TRYING TO REMAIN NEUTRAL, WE STILL ENACTED A DRAFT IN 1940.
THE ACT THAT FORCES US
IN!!
JAPAN AND GERMANY HAD AN ALLIANCE WITH ONE ANOTHER. ON
DECEMBER 7, 1941 JAPAN ATTACKED THE U.S. NAVAL FLEET DOCKED
IN PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII.
2,330 AMERICANS KILLED, 1,145 WOUNDED, HUNDREDS OF
AMERICAN SHIPS AND PLANES DESTROYED. UNTIL SEPT. 11,
2001, IT WAS THE LARGEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL ENEMY
ATTACK ON U.S. SOIL IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
DEC. 8, 1941
THE DAY AFTER THE BOMBING OF
PEARL HARBOR, ROOSEVELT ASKS
CONGRESS FOR A DECLERATION OF
WAR AGAINST THE EMPIRE OF
JAPAN. EVERY CONGRESS MEMBER
BUT ONE VOTES FOR WAR. SHE WAS
CONGRESSWOMAN JEANETTE RANKIN
OF MONTANA WHO WAS A PACIFIST
OR BELIEVER IN NON-VIOLENCE.
BECAUSE OF THEIR ALLIANCE WITH JAPAN,
3 DAYS LATER GERMANY AND ITALY WOULD
DECLARE WAR ON THE U.S.. BEFORE IT WAS
OVER 50 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE WOULD BE
DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN WWII EITHER ON THE
SIDE OF THE ALLIES (U.S., GREAT BRITAIN,
FRANCE, AND RUSSIA) OR THE AXIS (GERMANY
ITALY, AND JAPAN)
Georgia’s Role in World War II
320,000 Georgians volunteered or were drafted into service.
Great leaders came from Georgia also:
General Lucius D. Clay - famous for being able to keep troops and
supplies going to troops in Europe without
delay.
Marvin Griffin - future governor of Georgia
Herman Talmadge - future governor
Ernest Vandiver - future governor
Carl Sanders - future governor
Training Bases:
2nd most in the country
good climate, cheap land, extensive railroad network, deep water ports,
and farms and mills to feed and clothe soldiers.
Rep. Carl Vinson of Ga. And Senator Richard Russell of Ga. Both were
influential in building up America’s armed forces.
Lucius D. Clay
Marvin Griffin
Herman Talmadge
Carl Vinson
Richard Russell
Carl Vinson was responsible for
creating the Army Air Corp. which
would become the U.S. Air Force.
He also was influential in the creation
of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S. Navy.
Richard Russell was instrumental in building our nation’s
fighting force up from 174,000 in 1939 to 6,000,000 in
1945.
They both spearheaded efforts to bring active
military training bases to Georgia which in turn
created jobs for Georgians.
Training Bases in Georgia
FT. BENNING IN COLUMBUS
WAS A HUGE BENEFIT TO
THE WAR EFFORT. IT WAS
THE LARGEST INFANTRY
TRAINING CENTER IN THE
WORLD.
WARNER ROBBINS
AIR FORCE BASE
SOUTH OF MACON
FT. GORDON
U.S. ARMY
SIGNAL
CORP
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HUNTER ARMY
AIRFIELD HOME
OF THE RANGERS
GEORGIA’S WAR TIME
INDUSTRIES
WEAPONS FACTORIES
AT MILLEDGEVILLE &
MACON.
TO
AND
BELL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION BUILT
B-29 BOMBERS IN MARIETTA. 20,000
GA.’S WORKED THERE.
NAVY BASES AT
SAVANNAH AND
BRUNSWICK, GA
PEACE AT LAST
- VICTORY IN EUROPE CAME ON MAY 8, 1945
WHEN GERMANY SURRENDERED.
- V-J DAY CAME MUCH LATER AS JAPAN
CONTINUED TO FIGHT ON UNTIL AUG. 15,
1945.
IT TOOK A NEW AND SECRET WEAPON TO GET THE JAPANESE
TO SURRENDER.
THE ATOMIC BOMB
THE COST OF WAR
WORLDWIDE DEAD – 50,000,000 (MILLION)
UNITED STATES DEAD – 405,000
UNITED STATES WOUNDED – 671,000
GEORGIA DEAD – 7,000
COST – MOST EXPENSIVE WAR IN HISTORY TO THAT TIME
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
JOB PRODUCTION – FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER IN GA., MORE
GEORGIANS WERE WORKING IN MANUFACTURING JOBS
THAN AGRICULTURAL JOBS.
RETURNING GEORGIA SOLDIERS TOOK UP NEW ATTITUDES
ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND THEM. THEY SOUGHT MORE
EDUCATION AS THE G.I. BILL PAID FOR THEM TO GO TO
SCHOOL
Then, stark naked, they had to run
down more steps to an underground corridor
that led back up the ramp,
where the gas van awaited them.
Nazi policeman Franz Schalling
MEANS “THE BURNING”
JEWS WERE PERSECUTED IN EUROPE FOR CENTURIES.
HITLER AND THE ANTISEMITIC NAZIS RISE TO POWER SET
THE STAGE FOR DISASTER.
Many medieval European monarchs
expelled Jews or condemned them to death.
Philip V of France orders this Jewish woman
to burn at the stake
JAN. 30, 1933 THE NAZIS TAKE OVER GERMANY AND BEGIN
TO ENACT LAWS AIMED AT PUSHING JEWS OUT OF GERMAN
SOCIETY.
1934 – JEWS ARE FORCED OUT OF GERMAN SCHOOLS AND
PROFESSIONS.
1935 – GERMANS ENACT THE “NUREMBERG LAWS” GIVING
CITIZENSHIP ONLY TO “PURE” GERMANS OR RELATED BLOOD.
1937 – HITLER INFORMS HIS TOP AIDES IN A SECRET CONFERENCE OF HIS PLANS TO DOMINATE EUROPE RACIALLY, POLITICALLY AND MILITARILLY.
1938 – RIOTS ERUPT AFTER HITLER TAKES OVER AUSTRIA AND
THOUSANDS OF JEWS ARE KILLED IN WHAT BECOMES KNOWN
AS “THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS.”
1939 – WWII BEGINS GERMANS DECLARE ALL JEWS IN GERMAN
OCCUPIED TERRITORIES ARE TO BE HELD IN URBAN GHETTOS.
1940 – GERMANY TAKES OVER MANY OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS. AUSCHWITZ IS
OPENED.
1941 – GERMANS INVADE RUSSIA AND SYSTEMATICALLY KILL
THOUSANDS OF RUSSIAN JEWS WITH SPECIAL DEATH SQUADS
CALLED THE EINSATZGRUPPEN.
1942 – HITLER OUTLINES HIS “FINAL SOLUTION” PLAN TO
COMPLETELY DESTROY ALL EUROPEAN JEWS. 6 MORE DEATH
CAMPS ARE STARTED, AND 2.7 MILLION JEWS ARE MURDERED
THAT SUMMER.
1942 – 1944 – MILLIONS OF JEWS ARE SHIPPED BY TRAIN TO THE
DEATH CAMPS. AS THE ALLIES CLOSE IN ON GERMANY SOME
6 MILLION JEWS, GYPSIES, AND OTHER MINORITIES ARE EXTERMINATED IN VARIOUS WAYS IN THE DEATH CAMPS.
1945 – WITH SOVIET AND AMERICAN FORCES CLOSING IN ON
BERLIN, THE GERMANS EVACUATED THE CAMPS. ALLIED SOLDIERS FOUND MERE SKELETON SURVIVORS.
1945 – HITLER COMMITTS SUICIDE BEFORE HE CAN BE
CAPTURED OR KILLED.
1946 – 19 NAZIS ARE CONVICTED AND EXECUTED FOR CRIMES
AGAINST HUMANITY AT THE NUREMBERG TRIALS.
1948 – ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION AGAIN.