Transcript WW II powerpoint

Background to World War II
How Did WWII Begin?
• WWII was really an
outcropping of WWI
• Simply speaking, Germany
was responsible for staring
WWI (1914-1918) because it
allied with the AustriaHungary empire against
Russia, France and Serbia.
(A Serbian nationalist killed
Archduke Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary in a plot to
undermine that country’s
power.)
• When the war was over (1918), Germany
was force to sign a treaty ending the war
and forcing them to pay for the damages
they caused.
• This was called the “Treaty of Versailles”
The “Treaty of Versailles”
Ended WWI
Maps Pre and Post WWI
Treaty of Versailles
• Territorial
• Land was taken away from Germany :
• The League of Nations also took control of
Germany's overseas colonies.
• Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was made
into new states : Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An
enlarged Poland also received some of this land
Treaty of Versailles
• Military
• Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men; the
army was not allowed tanks
• Germany was not allowed an airforce
• Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and
no submarines
• The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the
River Rhine was made into a demilitarised zone
(DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed
into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of
occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15
years.
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Treaty of Versailles
• Financial
• The loss of vital industrial
territory would be a severe
blow to Germany’s
economy. Coal from the Saar
and Upper Silesia in
particular was a vital
economic loss.
• Combined with the financial
penalties linked to
reparations($33 billion), it
seemed clear to Germany
that the Allies wanted
nothing else but to bankrupt
them.
• Germany was also forbidden
to unite with Austria to form
one superstate.
Treaty of Versailles
• General
• 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war.
This was Clause 231 - the infamous "War Guilt Clause".
• 2. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the bulk of which
would go to France and Belgium to pay for the damage done to
both countries by the war. The figure was eventually put at
$33 billion .
• 3. A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
League of Nations
The Consequences of Versailles
• the Treaty kept Germany weak yet strong enough to stop the
spread of communism; kept the French border with Germany
safe from another German attack and created the League of
Nations that would end warfare throughout the world.
• left a mood of anger throughout Germany as it was felt that as a
nation Germany had been unfairly treated.
• Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming them for the
cause of the war and the war reparations the treaty forced on
them.
• Many German citizens felt that they were being punished for
the mistakes of the German government in August 1914 as it
was the government that had declared war not the people.
• Hitler was eventual able to capitalize on these feeling and use
propaganda to persuade the German people that they were
entitled to a better way of life and entitled to more power.
“Ripe for the Picking”
• Aldof Hitler, an
unsuccessful aspiring art
student full of self-hated
and unfounded belief that
the Jewish population
had caused all of
Germany’s current
problems, slowly rose to
political power by taking
advantage of Germany’s
willingness to believe in
someone who promised
to restore Germany’s
reputation and rebuild it
to a glorious nation.
Mein Kampf
(My Struggle)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mein Kampf (English translation: My Struggle or
My Fight) is the signature work of Adolf Hitler,
combining elements of autobiography with an
exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism.
Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925,
In Mein Kampf, Hitler makes a biographical
account of his life and also describes plans for
German-allied countries to rule Europe, along a
racist worldview of white supremacy with
"Aryans" as the "master race" at the top and Jews
at the bottom:
Germany would re-arm and join Britain and Italy
as allies to defeat France and Eastern Europe,
eventually overthrowing the Soviet Union to
conquer the so-called "twin evils" of Communism
and Judaism, giving Germany Lebensraum
("living-space") to the east.
Mein Kampf
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In Mein Kampf, Hitler uses the main thesis of "The
Jewish peril", which speaks of an alleged Jewish
conspiracy to gain world leadership and also warns
against the French. Overall, however, it does explain
many details of Hitler's childhood and the process by
which he became increasingly anti-Semitic and
militaristic, especially during his years in Vienna,
Austria.
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Hitler announces his hatred in Mein Kampf toward
what he believed to be the twin evils of the world:
Communism and Judaism. The new territory that
Germany needed to obtain would properly nurture the
"historic destiny" of the German people; this goal
explains why Hitler invaded Europe, both East and
West, before he launched his attack against Russia.
He claimed Germany needed Lebensraum ("living
space") eastwards (especially in Russia).
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Hitler presented himself as the "Übermensch",
frequently rendered as the somewhat
ambiguous "Superman" or "Superhuman".
Mein Kampf makes clear Hitler's racist
worldview, dividing up humans based on
ancestry. Hitler states that German "Aryans"
are at the top of the hierarchy and that Jews
and Gypsies are consigned to the bottom of
the order.
Hitler goes on to say that dominated peoples
benefit by learning from the superior Aryans.
Hitler further claimed that the Jews were
conspiring to keep this "master race" from
rightfully ruling the world by diluting its racial
and cultural purity and by convincing the
Aryans to believe in equality rather than
superiority and inferiority.
He described the struggle for world
domination as an ongoing racial, cultural and
political battle between Aryans and nonAryans.
German invasion of Poland
September 1, 1939
World War II Begins
World War II and Holocaust Background
World War II
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• When: 1939-1945 Where: Europe and the Pacific
•
• Main Countries involved:
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• The Axis Powers
The AlliedPowers
•
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1.Germany
1. Britain
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•
» (Hilter)
2. Italy
» (Mussolini)
3.Japan
» (Hirohito)
(Churchill)
2. United States
(Roosevelt & Truman)
3. Russia
(Stalin)
Tripartite Pact is signed
Axis Powers
Axis Powers
• Main Powers:
Germany, Italy
Japan
• Other Powers:
Albania, Bulgaria,
Finland, Romania,
Thailand, Hungary
Axis Powers
• Adolf Hitler
(Germany)
• Benito Mussolini
(Italy)
• Emperor Hirohito
(Japan)
Allied Powers
• Main Powers: Great
Britain, Soviet Union,
United States, China,
France
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Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico,
Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Ecuador, Guatamala, Haiti, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezueala
Europe: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,
Greece, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg,
Poland, San Marino, Turkey, Yugoslavia
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa
Asia/Other: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, New Zealand, Australia,
Canada
Allied Powers
• United States
(F.D. Roosevelt and
H.S. Truman)
• Britain (England)
(Winston Churchill)
• Russia (former
U.S.S.R)
(Joseph Stalin)
1. How Did WWII Begin?
• Germany, led by ____Adolf Hitler______,
tried to conquer ______Europe_____.
In __1939___, Germany attacked
___Poland___ to start World War II.
• Germany eventually attacked
__France_____ and the _USSR (Russia)_.
They also bombed ____Britain (England)__
and conquered several smaller countries in
Europe. __Mussolini (Italy)____ joined
with Germany in trying to control all of
___Europe___.
• A. _Hitler_ believed in an _”Aryan” myth_:
Along with his conquest for all of Europe, he
envisioned a __master race_of people to
inhabit the land. Hitler believed the
__Germans___to be a __Superior_____
race; thus, he devised the total
___annihilation_
of all the Jews.
• Between__1933-1945_, _one-third__ of the
world’s Jewish population was killed in the
__Holocaust___. (66% of the European
Jewish population)
•
•
(More information on the Holocaust will follow on subsequent pages.)
Nazi Death Camps
2. How Did the United States Get
Involved in WWII?
• Japan, led by ___Hirohito__,
the Japanese military, tried to
conquer Asia. They attacked
____China______
and__________. In the
________, they joined
_____Hitler___ in fighting in
World War II.
•
•
A. Between
__1939-1941___,
Germany and Japan
fought countries in
Europe and Asia.
• The _United States_
remained
___neutral___.
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• B.On_December7,1941,
__Japanese_____ attacked
the ____United States___
at __Pearl Harbor___,
• This was the location of the
United States’ Pacific Fleet
(navy). The air raid killed
2,000American sailors and
civilians.
Most of the
American airplanes and many
of its ships were destroyed.
th
7 ,
December
“a day that will live in infamy”
• C. This _unprovoked__
attack on Pearl Harbor
brought the United
States into _World War
II_____ against _Japan
in the Pacific_____
• and _Germany in
Europe____. The U.S.
allied itself with
__Britain (England)__
• and _Russia______.
Pearl Harbor 4 views
More Pearl Harbor
Roosevelt Addresses congress
The U.S. declares
war on Japan.
3. How did World War II end?
•
A. The __Allied Forces______
eventually gained power in Europe.
Germany surrendered in _May, 1945_.
• The U.S. and its allies took over
Germany, splitting the country in two
(East and West Germany).
____Hitler___ committed suicide in
_Berlin on April 30, 1945_______.
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The End of the War
• B. __Japan___ continued to
•
fight the United States in the
Pacific.
The U.S., to bring a faster end
to the war with Japan, dropped
two _atomic bombs__ on
_Hiroshima & Nagasaki______
in __August, 1945__.
• Japan surrendered__ on
___September 2, 1945__.
• It is estimated that
22 million military
personnel and
civilians lost their
lives.
• In September, 1945,
World War II, the
most destructive
and deadly war in
the history of the
world, was finally
over.
•
The End
Benito Mussolini
Mussolini and Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Heil Hitler
2 Pics of Hitler
Mein Kampf
Vladimir Lenin-USSR
Iosif Jughashvili/Joseph Stalin
Franklin Roosevelt vs
Herbert Hoover
Winston Churchill
Churchill
Winston Churchill
Map of Concentration and
Death Camps
Nazi Death Camps
German Invasion of USSR
• Final Plan for
Operation
Barbarossa
Japanese Leaders
• Hideki Tojo
• Emperor Hirohito
Admiral Yamamoto
Yamamoto
Pearl Harbor-December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
Explosion at Pearl Harbor
December 8, 1941